摘要
铂是重要的战略性贵金属资源,其作为石油化工催化剂、汽车尾气净化催化剂具有不可替代的作用,未来,随着燃料电池技术的成熟发展,铂金属的市场需求量还会进一步增大。国内铂金属资源稀少,主要依赖进口,从阳极泥、催化剂、尾矿等资源中对铂进行回收利用已成为有色行业的研究重点。从失效催化剂回收铂族金属,火法工艺中的铜、铁金属捕集技术在国外已较为成熟,但我国在这方面研究还较少;对于铂金属的提纯工艺,传统的选择性沉淀分离技术虽然已经被淘汰,但部分选择性沉淀技术仍是目前精炼纯金属、提取不同纯度贵金属的重要方法,目前国内已有企业将传统的选择性沉淀分离工艺与溶剂萃取和离子交换相结合进行铂族金属提纯,并且取得较好的经济效益和铂金属产品。未来,开发简洁、高效、低成本的铂族金属提纯回收工艺对我国新形势下矿产资源安全有着重要意义。
Platinum is an important strategic precious metal resource.It has an irreplaceable role as a petrochemical catalyst and automobile exhaust purification catalyst.In the future,with the mature development of fuel cell technology,the market demand for platinum will be further increased.The domestic platinum resources are scarce and mainly rely on imports.The recycling of platinum from anode slime,catalysts,tailings and other resources has become the research focus of the non-ferrous industry.To recover platinum metals from spent catalysts,the copper and iron metal capture technology in the pyrotechnic process is relatively mature abroad,but there is still little research in this area in my country.For the purification process of platinum metal,although the traditional selective precipitation separation technology has been eliminated,some selective precipitation technologies is still an important method for refining pure metals.At present,domestic companies have combined the traditional selective precipitation separation process with solvent extraction and ion exchange to purify platinum metals,and have achieved good economic benefits and platinum metal products.In the future,the development of simple,efficient,and low-cost platinum metals purification and recovery processes is of great significance to the safety of mineral resources in China.
作者
刘艳敏
覃波
LIU Yan-min;QIN Bo
出处
《有色设备》
2021年第3期92-98,共7页
Nonferrous Metallurgical Equipment
关键词
铂资源
提纯
回收
选择性沉淀分离
溶剂萃取
离子交换
阳极泥
催化剂
燃料电池
platinum resources
purification
recover
selective precipitation separation technology
solvent extraction
ion exchange
anode slime
catalysts
fuel cell
