摘要
甘蔗品种更新换代是广西蔗糖业进一步发展的基础,分析广西区试、育成品种及不同时期育成品种亲本变化特点有助于了解广西甘蔗育种现状与存在的问题。分析发现广西甘蔗高糖育种取得了明显进展,而高产育种成效不及高糖育种;近期育成品种拥有较高的增产、增糖率,但并没有明显优于目前主栽品种;育成更新换代的甘蔗新品种,首先需要挖掘和利用比育成主栽品种更优良的甘蔗核心亲本。未来的广西甘蔗育种将面临着育种目标调整、抗病育种有待加强和亲本评价效率有待提高等问题带来的挑战。建议在加强重视高产育种、引进国外亲本利用和近缘种属利用目的性应更强等亲本挖掘利用的基础上,加强调整抗病评价标准、增加育成品种评价病害种类及抗病分区育种,兼顾宿根与机械化品种选育,并将分子标记、转基因等现代分子生物学技术应用于甘蔗亲本改良。
The replacement of sugarcane varieties is the basis for the sustainable development of sugarcane indus⁃try in Guangxi.It is helpful to understand the current situation and problems of sugarcane breeding in Guangxi by analyzing the change characteristics of regional trials clone,variety and parent material bred in different periods in Guangxi.It was found that significant progress had been made in high sugar breeding in Guangxi,but no significant progress in breeding for high cane yield.The recently bred varieties have higher cane yield and sugar increasing rate,but they are not significantly better than that of current main cultivars.In order to develop new sugarcane varieties for the replacement,it is necessary to explore and utilize the better sugarcane core parents than that of breeding main cultivars.In the future,sugarcane breeding in Guangxi will face the challenges of adjustment of breeding objectives,improvement of disease resistance and efficiency of parental evaluation.It is suggested that on the basis of paying more attention to high-yield breeding,introducing foreign parents and the stronger purpose of utilization for related species,we should adjust the evaluation standard of disease resistance,increase disease types in evaluation,carry out regional breeding for disease resistance,strengthen the breeding for ratooning ability and mechanization,and apply modern molecular biological techniques such as molecular markers and transgenic technology to sugarcane parent improvement.
作者
杨荣仲
周会
唐仕云
刘昔辉
梁强
黄海荣
YANG Rongzhong;ZHOU Hui;TANG Shiyun;LIU Xihui;LIANG Qiang;HUANG Hairong(Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Im-provement(Guangxi),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007;Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Inno-vation Center of Sugar Industry,Nanningi 530004)
出处
《中国糖料》
2021年第3期18-27,共10页
Sugar Crops of China
基金
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业(糖料)产业技术体系(CARS-170105)
中央引导地方科技发展资金专项(桂科ZY20111001,桂科ZY20198005)
广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT001,桂农科2021YT014)资助。
关键词
广西
甘蔗
育种
核心亲本
抗病
机械化
Guangxi
sugarcane
breeding
core parent
disease resistance
mechanization
