摘要
针对采后甘蓝人工上料及定向排序劳动强度大、生产效率低、人工成本高等问题,结合采后甘蓝商品化处理工艺及转动惯量特性,设计了采后甘蓝单体排序定向输送装置。该装置采用气缸传动对空间堆叠状态的采后甘蓝进行翻转卸料,随后在单层喂入辊和曲面缓冲轨道作用下采后甘蓝呈单层状态排出,再经限位辊和变螺距输送辊引导完成采后甘蓝的单体排序输送,最终基于转动惯量特性在4个锥形辊形成的稳定空间内实现定向输送。对翻转卸料机构、单层喂入缓冲机构、变螺距单体排序机构、锥形辊定向输送机构等关键部件进行了结构设计,并试制了采后甘蓝单体排序定向输送装置样机。以“中甘15号”甘蓝为试验材料,以卸料气缸运行速度、单层喂入辊转速、变螺距输送辊转速和输送链条线速度为试验因素,以单体排序成功率和定向成功率为试验指标进行了正交试验。结果表明,最优参数组合为卸料气缸运行速度10 mm/s、单层喂入辊转速50 r/min、变螺距输送辊转速30 r/min、输送链条线速度300 mm/s,在最优参数组合下,采后甘蓝单体排序成功率平均值为96.50%,定向成功率平均值为95.17%,标准差分别为2.54%、3.28%,单通道作业效率约为1004 kg/h。本研究为深入研发采后甘蓝多通道高通量单体排序定向输送装置、实现采后甘蓝商品化处理机械化作业提供参考。
Artificial feeding and orientational sorting of postharvest cabbage are inefficient,labor-intensive and high-cost.Aiming at above problems,and combined with the commercial handling technology and moment of inertia of postharvest cabbage,a monomer sorting and orientational conveying device for postharvest cabbage was developed.Firstly,Turnover and unloading of postharvest cabbages in a spatially stacked state were realized by using a cylinder.Then,the postharvest cabbages were discharged in a single layer under the action of single-layer feeding roller and curved buffer track.And monomer sorting was realized under the guidance of the limit roller and the variable pitch conveyor roller.Finally,single postharvest cabbage in stable space formed by four tapered rollers was directionally conveyed based on moment of inertia.The structure design of the key mechanisms,such as turnover and unloading mechanism,monolayer feeding and buffer mechanism,monomer sorting mechanism with variable pitch,orientational conveying mechanism with tapered roller,was carried out.And the prototype of the monomer sorting and orientational conveying device for postharvest cabbage was trial produced.Taking“Zhonggan 15”cabbage as test material,the orthogonal test was carried out with running speed of unloading cylinder,revolving speed of single-layer feeding roller,revolving speed of variable pitch conveyor roller and line speed of conveying chain as the test factors,and the success rate of monomer sorting and the success rate of orientation as the test indexes.The results showed that the optimal parameters of running speed of unloading cylinder,revolving speed of single-layer feeding roller,revolving speed of variable pitch conveyor roller and line speed of conveying chain were 10 mm/s,50 r/min,30 r/min and 300 mm/s,respectively.Under the condition of the optimal parameter combination,the average success rate of monomer sorting was(96.50±2.54)%,the average success rate of orientation was(95.17±3.28)%,and the single-channel operation effic
作者
崔功佩
王京峥
文双涛
卫咏哲
崔永杰
牛子杰
CUI Gongpei;WANG Jingzheng;WEN Shuangtao;WEI Yongzhe;CUI Yongjie;NIU Zijie(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;SINOTRUK Jinan Special Vehicle Co.,Ltd.,Ji’nan 250117,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期351-360,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2019ZDLNY02-04)
西北农林科技大学试验示范站(基地)科技成果推广项目(TGZX2018-28)。
关键词
采后甘蓝
单体排序
定向输送
结构设计
性能试验
postharvest cabbage
monomer sorting
orientational conveying
structure design
performance test
