摘要
自我欺骗一直以来是心理学界的研究热点。然而,历经几十年的研究,自我欺骗完整的认知加工过程仍不明确。综合比较前人在自我欺骗前提条件、内部加工和结果状态等方面的相关研究结果,一个关于自我欺骗认知加工过程的模型得以建构:在自我欺骗动机的驱动和认知模糊性的掩蔽下,个体可以对相关信息进行偏见的加工;在粗略加工的信息搜索和感知阶段,个体对不受欢迎的信息进行排斥;在精细加工的信息评估、理解和存储阶段,个体为受欢迎的信息分配更多的认知资源;通过这些加工偏见使不受欢迎的信息得不到合理加工,从而导致个体逐渐从相信不受欢迎信息支持的正面信念向相信受欢迎信息支持的反面信念转变;最后,根据支持正面和反面信念证据的数量比例,个体形成无意识自我欺骗或有意识自我欺骗状态。这一完整的认知加工模型不仅可以帮助研究者们看到自我欺骗认知加工过程的全貌,为研究者们更好地研究自我欺骗提供参考,还能扩展该领域的研究范围,引导该领域的研究向深度加工机制发展。
Self-deception has always been the focus of research in psychology.However,after decades of research,the complete cognitive processing of self-deception is still unclear.By comparing the results of previous studies of the preconditions,internal processing and the states after self-deception,a mental processing model of self-deception was constructed:driven by the motivation of self-deception and masked by cognitive ambiguity,individuals can process relevant information with bias;in the simple processing stage,where information is searched for and perceived,undesirable data may be rejected;in the deep processing stage,where information is evaluated,understood and stored,more mental resources will be allocated to desirable information;because of these processing biases,unwelcome information cannot be duly processed,which leads to a slow change of individuals from the positive belief supported by unpleasant message to the negative belief supported by desirable message;finally,depending on the proportion of evidence supporting positive and negative beliefs respectively,individuals form a state of unconscious self-deception or conscious self-deception.This complete mental processing model can help researchers see the whole picture of cognitive processing of self-deception and provide reference for researchers to better study self-deception.Moreover,the new model can expand the scope of this research field and guide the researchers to study the deep processing mechanism of self-deception.
作者
钟罗金
汝涛涛
ZHONG Luojin;RU Taotao
出处
《华南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期81-89,206,共10页
Journal of South China Normal University：Social Science Edition
基金
广东省哲学社会科学“十三五”规划青年项目“真的能骗过自己吗?——自我欺骗机制的ERP研究”(GD16YXL02)
广东省普通高校青年创新人才类项目“自欺的认知加工机制研究”(2015WQNCX010)。
关键词
自我欺骗
认知加工
模型
动机
意识
self-deception
cognitive processing
model
motivation
consciousness
