摘要
【目的】筛选春小麦在秸秆全量还田免耕和秸秆不还田翻耕下的最佳种植密度,同时在最佳种植密度下,比较两种耕作方式对土壤物理性状和春小麦产量性状的影响。【方法】以春小麦龙麦30号为试验材料,2019年比较分析两种耕作方式(秸秆全量还田免耕和秸秆不还田翻耕),9个种植密度[300万(D1)、375万(D2)、450万(D3)、525万(D4)、600万(D5)、675万(D6)、750万(D7)、825万(D8)、900万株/hm^(2)(D9)]下春小麦的产量性状,2020年在最佳种植密度下研究两种耕作方式对土壤含水量、土壤容重和春小麦产量的影响。【结果】种植密度对春小麦株高、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重及产量的影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01),耕作方式与种植密度互作对春小麦的穗数、穗粒数、千粒重及产量的影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。两种耕作方式下,春小麦株高、穗长、结实小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均表现为随着种植密度的增加而逐渐降低,呈负相关关系;而无效小穗数、穗数随着种植密度的增加而提高,呈正相关关系。两种耕作方式下,产量随着种植密度的增加而稳步提高,在D6密度下产量均达到最高,秸秆全量还田免耕下春小麦产量为5601.3 kg/hm^(2),秸秆不还田翻耕下春小麦产量为5097.2 kg/hm^(2),之后逐渐下降,D6密度下秸秆全量还田免耕较秸秆不还田翻耕春小麦产量增加了9.9%。两种耕作方式下,0~40 cm土层的土壤含水量及土壤容重在播前和不同生育时期差异较大,秸秆全量还田免耕较秸秆不还田翻耕显著改善了0~40 cm土层的土壤含水量和土壤容重,秸秆全量还田免耕的产量比秸秆不还田翻耕增加433.8 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】内蒙古呼伦贝尔市春小麦秸秆全量还田免耕、秸秆不还田翻耕的最佳种植密度均为675万株/hm^(2),秸秆全量还田免耕有效改善了0~40 cm土层土壤含水量和土壤容重,进而提高了春小麦的产量。
【Objective】The best planting density of spring wheat were selected among the full straw returning for no-tillage and no straw returning for real tillage,the effects of two tillage patterns on soil physical properties and spring wheat yield traits were compared under the optimal planting density.【Methods】Longmai No.30 as test material,the yield traits of nine planting densities[3.00 million(D1),3.75 million(D2),4.50 million(D3),5.25 million(D4),6.00 million(D5),6.75 million(D6),7.50 million(D7),8.25 million(D8),9.00 million plants per hm^(2)(D9)]under two tillage patterns(full straw returning for no-tillage and no straw returning for real tillage)were compared and analyzed in 2019,and the effects of two tillage patterns on soil moisture content and soil bulk density and spring wheat yield were studied under the optimal planting density in 2020.【Results】The effects of planting density on plant height,panicle number,grain number per panicle,1000-grain weight and yield of spring wheat reached extremely significant level(P<0.01),and the effects of the interaction of tillage pattern and planting density on panicle number,grain number per panicle,1 000-grain weight and yield of spring wheat reached extremely significant level(P<0.01). Under the two tillage patterns,the plant height,spike length,spikelet number,grain number per panicle and 1 000-grain weight of spring wheat decreased with the increase of planting density,showing a negative correlation;the number of invalid spikelets and panicle number increased with the increase of planting density,showing a positive correlation. Under the two tillage patterns,the yield increased steadily with the increase of planting density,and reached the highest under D6 density. Spring wheat yield under full straw returning for no-tillage was 5 601.3 kg/hm^(2),and that under no straw returning for real tillage was 5 097.2 kg/hm^(2),and then decreased gradually. Compared with the no straw returning for real tillage,spring wheat yield under D6 density increased by 9.9%. Th
作者
廉博
李强
魏晓军
包妍妍
王红霞
王丽君
LIAN Bo;LI Qiang;WEI Xiaojun;BAO Yanyan;WANG Hongxia;WANG Lijun(Hulun Buir Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Hailar 021008,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China)
出处
《北方农业学报》
2021年第2期17-23,共7页
Journal of Northern Agriculture
基金
内蒙古自治区优势粮油作物绿色提质增效技术推广项目。
关键词
春小麦
耕作方式
种植密度
产量
土壤含水量
土壤容重
Spring wheat
Tillage pattern
Planting density
Yield
Soil moisture content
Soil bulk density
