摘要
【目的】探索玉米种植的高产、节水和低碳方案。【方法】试验设置免耕秸秆还田(NTS)、旋耕秸秆还田(RTS)、翻耕秸秆还田(PTS)、免耕秸秆不还田(NT)、旋耕秸秆不还田(RT)和翻耕秸秆不还田(PT)共6种不同处理方式,研究了不同处理方式对玉米田土壤呼吸速率、土壤水热和微生物状况、水分利用效率及玉米产量等影响。【结果】2017年5月30日—8月15日各处理土壤呼吸速率一直升高,之后逐渐降低。在整个测定期间,PTS处理下平均土壤呼吸速率最大,为450.4 mg/(m^2·h),NT处理的最小,为279.6 mg/(m^2·h);翻耕处理下土壤水分与土壤呼吸速率的相关系数最大,为0.86,旋耕其次,免耕最小,为0.51;免耕处理下土壤温度与土壤呼吸速率的相关系数最大,为0.78,旋耕其次,翻耕最小,为0.49;土壤细菌和放线菌数量与土壤呼吸速率的相关系数分别为0.94和0.97,都达到了极显著水平。秸秆还田处理下的玉米水分利用效率为27.1 kg/(hm^2·mm),高于秸秆不还田处理下的22.2 kg/(hm^2·mm);PTS处理的玉米水分利用效率最高,为28.3 kg/(hm^2·mm)。PTS处理的玉米产量最高,为10.51 t/hm^2。【结论】PTS处理更有利于玉米高产、节水。
[Objective] Tillage affects soil functions and water use efficiency. This paper aimed to explore how yield, water use efficiency and soil reposition of a corn field varied with different tillage and agronomic managements . [Method] The experiment investigated six conservative tillages： no-tillage with straw incorporation （NTS）, rotary tillage with straw incorporation （RTS）, ploughing tillage with straw incorporation （PTS）, no-tillage without straw incorporation （NT）, rotary tillage without straw incorporation（RT） and ploughing tillage without straw incorporation （PT）. Soil respiration, soil water and temperature, soil microbial activity, water use efficiency and yield of the corn were measured in each treatment. [Result] From May 30 to August 15 in 2017, soil respiration in all treatments increased first and then decreased. During the experiment, PTS had the highest average soil respiration rate at 450.4 mg/（m^2·h）, while NT had the lowest at 279.6 mg/（m^2·h）. The correlation between soil moisture and soil respiration rate was highest under ploughing tillage at 0.86, followed by rotary tillage, with the lowest under no-tillage. The correlation between soil temperature and soil respiration was the highest for no-till- age at 0.78, followed by rotary tillage, with the ploughing tillage having the lowest correlation. The correlation between soil bacteria, actinomycetes and the soil respiration rate was 0.94 and 0.97, respectively. In all treatments, water use efficiency under straw incorporation was higher than that without straw incorporation. PTS had the highest water use efficiency and yield, which were 28.3 kg/mm and 10.51 t/hm： respectively. [Conclusion] PTS treatment is the most appropriate for increasing yield and water use efficiency of the corn field.
作者
郭强
于玲玲
韩静然
GUO Qiang;YU Lingling;HAN Jingran(Tangshan Academy of Agricultural Science,Tangshan 063001,China;Tangshan Crop Seed Management Testing Stations,Tangshan 063001,China;Kalaqin Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau,Chifeng 024400,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第11期57-62,共6页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
河北省自然科学基金项目(C2016105056)
唐山市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(15120204B)
关键词
玉米
保护性耕作
土壤呼吸
微生物
产量
水分利用效率
maize
conservation tillage
soil respiration
microorganism
yield
water use efficiency
