摘要
氢能是我国能源系统大幅度低碳转型和实现2060年“碳中和”目标的重要技术选择之一。氢能来源广泛、高效清洁,碳排放主要来自于制氢阶段,不同制氢方式的制氢成本和碳排放强度存在较大差异。本研究以中国氢能生产现状和实际价格水平为基础,建立平准化制氢成本(LCOH)模型,测算了不同制氢方式的平准化成本和碳排放强度。研究发现,煤制氢成本最低为11元/kg,天然气制氢和工业副产氢成本在15〜20元/kg之间,电解水制氢成本普遍在30元/kg以上,其中风电光伏制氢成本超过40元/kg。与煤制氢相比,各种新能源制氢技术减排成本在1000~4000元/tCO_(2)之间。敏感性分析表明,制氢成本的关键影响因素包括制氢设备年运行小时数、制氢原料价格,或者电价以及制氢设备投资成本等。
Hydrogen is one of the important technology choices for the low-carbon transformation of China's energy system and the carbon neutrality goal by 2060.Hydrogen has wide preparation sources,it is efficient and clean,whose carbon emissions are mainly from the production stage.The cost and carbon emission intensity of different hydrogen production methods are quite different.Based on the current status of hydrogen production and the actual price level in China,this study established a levelized cost of hydrogen(LCOH)model,and measured the cost and carbon emission intensity of different production methods.Results show that the cheapest hydrogen production method is to produce it from coal,which costs RMB 11/kg,hydrogen produced from natural gas and industrial by-product is between RMB 15 to 20/kg.Hydrogen produced from water electrolysis is generally above RMB 30/kg,if the electricity is generated by wind or solar power,the cost will be above RMB 40/kg.The carbon emission reduction cost of hydrogen production technologies with new energy is commonly between RMB 1000 to 4000/tCO_(2)compared with hydrogen produced from coal.The sensitivity analysis shows that the key factors influencing the cost of hydrogen production include the annual operating hours of hydrogen production equipment,the price of raw materials or electricity price and the investment cost of hydrogen production equipment.
出处
《中国能源》
2021年第5期29-37,共9页
Energy of China
基金
国家重点研发专项(编号:2018YFE0202004)
国家自然科学基金项目(编号:71874096)
清华大学产业发展与环境治理研究中心(CIDEG)2020年度重大课题《中国氢能发展战略研究》。
关键词
氢能
制氢方式
制氢成本
碳排放强度
Hydrogen
Hydrogen Production Method
Cost of Hydrogen
Carbon Emission Intensity
