摘要
“汤武放伐”作为《孟子》重要的道德范畴备受近世日本儒学界的关注,但一直到山鹿素行的古学,关于“汤武放伐”的诠释才打破了朱子学思维的连续性影响。山鹿素行从德川武家社会结构来诠释“汤武放伐”的现实意义,认为君臣关系应是一种天地间的自然法则,他反对“汤武放伐”的革命行为。但是,由于山鹿素行自幼形成的朱子学素养,又使得他对“汤武放伐”的诠释难以脱离朱子学的束缚,故而阐发了救民于水火与学知利行的道德意义。最后,山鹿素行对“汤武放伐”的诠释陷入想脱离朱子学而无法脱离的两难之境,它的遭遇体现了《孟子》在日本近世传播中的困境。虽然山鹿素行未能彻底摆脱这一困境,但是从德川社会结构诠释儒学的思维方式使《孟子》在近世的传播产生了新活力。
As an important ethical theory in Mencius, Tang Wu Rebellion received much attention from the Confucian scholars in early modern Japan. The interpretation of Tang Wu Rebellion was disengaged from the lasting and structural influence of Zhuzi doctrine only after Soko Yamaga had founded Kogaku. Soko Yamaga focused on the social structure featuring Buke under Tokugawa reign and explained the practical significance of Tang Wu Rebellion. He argued that the monarch-subject relationship is in accord with natural law, and thus was objected to the revolutionary acts in Tang Wu Rebellion. However, as a well-trained Confucian scholar who had received his academic training in Zhuzi doctrine, Soko Yamaga would surly find it difficult to break away from Zhuzi doctrines when interpreting Tang Wu Rebellion. Thus, in his interpretation, he developed the ethical connotations of saving people from the abyss of suffering and seeking knowledge to do good. Actually, Soko Yamaga’s interpretation of Tang Wu Rebellion put him in a dilemma. He wanted to get rid of the bindings of Zhuzi doctrine while he found it difficult to accomplish it, which provides an epitome of the difficulties that Mencius experienced in its spread in early modern Japan. Although Soko Yamaga did not succeed in getting rid of the dilemma, his way of interpreting Confucian theories by focusing on the social structure of Tokugawa reign added fresh vitality in the spread of Mencius in early modern Japan.
作者
张晓明
ZHANG Xiaoming(School of Japanese Language,Beijing International Studies University,Beijing,100024 China)
出处
《内蒙古师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2021年第2期123-128,共6页
Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“日本江户时代《孟子》文献的整理与研究(19CZX031)”研究成果之一。
关键词
汤武放伐
《孟子》
近世
山鹿素行
古学
Tang Wu Rebellion
Mencius
early modern Japan
Soko Yamaga
Kogaku
