摘要
事故发生后的人员紧急疏散情境下,羊群行为会造成疏散过程的人员拥堵,进而延长疏散时间,影响疏散效率。为探究突发事件下羊群行为对疏散效率的影响,文中以某办公楼作为疏散场景,基于Pathfinder软件构建仿真模型,通过模拟不同程度的羊群行为,探究疏散时间的变化规律。仿真结果表明,少量羊群行为平衡了疏散通道的人员流量,部分通道的利用率显著提高,人员疏散时间减少,疏散效率提高,对人员疏散具有促进作用;当羊群行为的比例提高至40%时,疏散时间有所增加,疏散效率下降;当羊群行为的比例提高至60%时,疏散时间大幅提高,阻碍人员疏散的作用十分显著。研究发现,疏散过程中的羊群行为带来的负面影响远高于其带来的正面促进作用。为缓解人员拥堵问题,可通过设置适当的障碍物提高疏散效率,为突发事件下的应急疏散研究作为参考。
It is generally believed that herd behavior will cause congestion in the evacuation process in the emergencies,thus extending the evacuation time and affecting the evacuation efficiency.In order to explore the impact of herd behavior on evacuation efficiency in emergencies,an office building was taken as an evacuation scene,and a simulation model was built based on Pathfinder software to simulate the variation rule of evacuation time under different degrees of herd behavior.The simulation results show that the behavior of a small number of sheep balances the flow of people in the evacuation passage way,and the utilization rate of some passage ways is significantly increased,with the evacuation time of people reduced and the evacuation efficiency improved,promoting the evacuation efficiency.When the herd behavior ratio increased to 40%,the evacuation time increased and the evacuation efficiency decreased.When the herd behavior proportion is increased to 60%,the evacuation time is significantly increased,which hinders the personnel evacuation.It can be found that the negative effects of herd behavior during evacuation was much higher than the positive effects.In order to alleviate the problem of personnel congestion,appropriate obstacles can be set to improve evacuation efficiency,which can serve as a reference for emergency evacuation research.
作者
唐艺璇
常波峰
孙璐瑶
王启睿
田水承
TANG Yixuan;CHANG Bofeng;SUN Luyao;WANG Qirui;TIAN Shuicheng(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Institute of Safety and Emergency Management,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Shenmu Hongliulin Mining Company of Shaanxi Coal Group,Yulin 719300,China)
出处
《西安科技大学学报》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第3期457-463,共7页
Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金(51874237,U1904210)
国家社会科学基金(20XGL025)。
