摘要
目前,蔬菜移栽机取苗机构单行取苗频率为40~90株/min,取苗频率低已成为蔬菜高速移栽(≥90株/min)技术及装备的发展瓶颈。为实现高速取苗作业,设计了一种气动下压式高速取苗装置及配套组合式穴盘,通过"有序供盘、连续送苗、气动下压取苗、自由投苗"等作业工序,可实现120株/min的高速取苗作业。建立了取苗过程钵苗力学模型,对气动取苗机构取苗单体布置形式、取苗气缸工作压力、顶苗器运动轨迹等进行分析和计算,优化顶苗器U型末端结构,设计并构建高速取苗时序控制系统。以60 d苗龄辣椒苗为试验对象,在气缸工作压力为0.26 MPa、取苗频率为120株/min条件下,以取苗成功率、基质破损率和茎叶损伤率为取苗效果评价指标进行了取苗试验。试验表明:取苗成功率平均值为100%,基质破碎率平均值为22.46%,茎叶损伤率平均值为3.54%,能够满足蔬菜高速移栽的取苗作业要求。
The current seedling picking device used for vegetable transplanter was restricted by the working principle and mechanical structure,the frequency of picking seedling was mostly 40~90 plants/min per row,seedling picking had become a bottleneck restricting the development of technology and equipment for high-speed vegetable transplanting(≥90 plants/min).In order to realize the high-speed seedling picking operation,a pneumatic punching high-speed seedling picking device and supporting combined plug tray were designed.Through the operation process of“supplying tray orderly,conveying tray continuously,punching seedlings pneumatically and feeding seedlings freely”,the high-speed seedling picking operation at the frequency of 120 plants/min was realized.The mechanics model of seedlings in the process of punching was constructed,the layout of the pneumatic punching seedling monomer,the working pressure of the seedling picking cylinder,and the movement trajectory of the seedling ejector were analyzed and calculated.The structure and size of the U-shaped end of the ejector were optimized,the high-speed seedling picking sequence control system was designed and built.Taking 60 d seedling-age pepper seedlings as the experimental object,under the conditions of cylinder working pressure of 0.26 MPa and frequency of picking seedlings at 120 plants/min,seedling picking experiments were carried out by taking seedling picking success rate,matrix damage rate and stem and leaf damage rate as evaluation indicators of seedling picking effect.The result of experiments showed that the average success rate of seedling picking was 100%,the average substrate breaking rate was 22.46%,and the average stem and leaf damage rate was 3.54%,which met the requirements of high-speed seedling picking operation.
作者
王超
刘彩玲
李永磊
宋建农
王继承
董向前
WANG Chao;LIU Cailing;LI Yonglei;SONG Jiannong;WANG Jicheng;DONG Xiangqian(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期35-43,51,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0700302)。
关键词
蔬菜移栽机
气动下压
取苗装置
高速取苗时序
U型末端
vegetable transplanter
pneumatic punching
seedling picking device
high-speed seedling picking sequence
U-shaped end
