摘要
为对比研究覆膜和浅埋对滴灌玉米生长的影响,以西辽河平原为研究区,设置膜下滴灌与浅埋滴灌2种灌溉方式和高、中、低3种灌溉水平,对滴灌玉米生长指标、根系分布、耗水量及产量等进行分析,寻求适宜试验区玉米高效节水灌溉模式。结果表明:(1)平均叶面积指数膜下滴灌较浅埋滴灌处理高13%~20%。膜下滴灌根系在30 cm土层内分布均匀,浅埋滴灌根系分布较膜下滴灌深10 cm。(2)膜下滴灌总耗水量较浅埋滴灌低9%,节水效果明显。(3)平水偏枯年膜下滴灌处理产量高于浅埋滴灌7%~15%,平水偏丰年膜下滴灌处理的产量低于浅埋滴灌处理6%~19%(p<0.05)。(4)中水处理产量高,水分生产率最大,为最佳灌水处理。(5)对不同研究区通过多年平均降雨量和当年降雨预报推算生育期降雨量,对于<268.32 mm的地方推荐使用膜下滴灌更佳,灌溉定额为186.1 mm,灌水7次。降雨量>268.32 mm的地方推荐使用浅埋滴灌更佳,灌溉定额为228.0 mm,灌水8次。研究结果可为试验区及类似地区玉米高效灌溉生产提供理论依据。
In order to compare the effects of mulch and soil covered drip irrigation on the growth of maize,three irrigation levels of high,medium and low were carried out to analyze the growth index,root distribution,water consumption and yield of maize.The results showed that the average leaf area index of mulched drip irrigation was 13%~20%higher than that of soil covered drip irrigation.The root of mulched drip irrigation evenly distributed in the top 30 cm soil layer.The root of soil covered drip irrigation was 10 cm deeper than that of mulched drip irrigation.The total water consumption of mulched drip irrigation was 9%lower than that of soil covered drip irrigation,which was obvious for water saving.The yield of mulched drip irrigation was 7%~15%higher than that of soil covered drip irrigation in the normal and dry year.The yield of mulched drip irrigation was 6%~19%lower than that of soil covered drip irrigation in the normal and wet year(p<0.05).Medium irrigation treatment with the highest yield and water productivity was the best irrigation scheduling.For different study areas,the annual average precipitation and the annual precipitation forecast were used to calculate the precipitation in the growing period.When annual precipitation was less than 268.32 mm,it was better to use mulched drip irrigation with 186.1 mm of irrigation quota and 7 times;while soil covered drip irrigation for more than 268.32 mm with 228.0 mm of irrigation quota and 8 times.The results could provide a theoretical basis for high-efficiency irrigation of drip irrigation of maize in the study area and similar areas.
作者
贾琼
史海滨
李瑞平
冯亚阳
王宁
李经纬
JIA Qiong;SHI Haibin;LI Ruiping;FENG Yayang;WANG Ning;LI Jingwei(Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018;Institute of Water Conservancy Science of Inner Mongolia Municipality,Hohhot 010051)
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第3期296-303,311,共9页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD12B03)
国家自然科学基金项目(51539005)。
关键词
膜下滴灌
浅埋滴灌
玉米
根系分布
水分生产率
mulched drip irrigation
soil covered drip irrigation
maize
root distribution
water use efficiency
