摘要
碳纳米管与铝基体的结合,可以获得导电和导热性良好及综合力学性能优异的复合材料,有望成为新一代轻质高强、结构功能一体化的复合材料。在制备碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料过程中,碳纳米管的团聚将降低界面结合,诱发缺陷产生,导致性能大幅下降,因此,调控优化碳纳米管的分散状态、含量成为获取良好界面结合,获得高性能碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的关键。基于此,综述了国内外均匀分散碳纳米管的方法,通过物理作用、化学作用和物理化学共同作用的方式进行分类,并详细介绍了高能球磨、摩擦搅拌、化学气相沉积、湿法球磨等主要的碳纳米管在铝基体中的分散方法。分析了不同分散方法的特点及其分散效果,最后总结了分散过程中存在的分散效果、缺陷的平衡、大长径比、高含量碳纳米管分散及分散评价方法等关键问题,并展望了未来在铝及其合金基体中碳纳米管分散方法的发展方向。
The combination of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and aluminum matrix can produce a composite material with high electrical conductivity,thermal conductivity and excellent comprehensive mechanical properties,which is expected to become a new generation of lightweight and high-strength materials with structures and functions integrated.However,in the process of fabricating carbon nanotube reinforced aluminium matrix composites,the agglomeration of carbon nanotubes will reduce inter-face bonding,induce defects and cause an obvious drop of performance.Therefore,adjusting and optimizing the dispersion con-dition and content of carbon nanotubes has become the key in obtaining good interfacial bonding and high-performance carbon nanotube reinforced aluminium matrix composites.Therefore,the dispersing methods used for CNTs even dispersion at domes-tic and abroad are reviewed,and the CNTs dispersion methods have been classified based on physical,chemical,and physi-cal-chemical interactions.Methods such as high energy ball milling,friction stirring,chemical vapor deposition and wet ball milling,and other methods have been introduced in detail.Meanwhile this paper analyzed the characteristics of different disper-sion methods and their dispersion effects,and then summarizes the key problems in CNTs dispersion such as the balance be-tween dispersion effect and CNTs defects,large aspect ratio and high content CNTs dispersion,the evaluation of CNTs disper-sion effects,and closes by looking ahead to the development direction of CNTs dispersion methods in aluminum and aluminum alloy matrix.
作者
曹遴
陈彪
郭柏松
李金山
CAO Lin;CHEN Biao;GUO Bai-song;LI Jin-shan(State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072,China;Institute of Advanced Wear&Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China)
出处
《精密成形工程》
北大核心
2021年第3期9-24,共16页
Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(51901183,52071269)。
关键词
碳纳米管-铝基复合材料
碳纳米管分散
高能球磨
化学气相沉积
湿法球磨
carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum composites
CNTs dispersion
high energy ball milling
chemical vapor deposition
solution ball milling
