摘要
目的了解武汉市洪山区流动儿童营养素摄入及膳食结构状况,进行膳食营养干预并评价干预效果,为改善流动儿童营养健康状况提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样和社区干预方法,抽取武汉市洪山区某流动儿童较集中的小学三至六年级学生,随机分为干预组(218名)和对照组(222名),基线调查后,对干预组进行以"营养课堂"和知识讲座为主的膳食干预,干预时间为2个月,同时对干预组看护人也进行干预。结果基线时,两组流动儿童营养素摄入不足,尤其是钙、硒、维生素B1、维生素B2的摄入达标率均低于5%;蔬菜类、奶类及奶制品的摄入达标率不足5%。干预后,膳食营养素方面,干预组流动儿童能量、三大宏量营养素、钙、维生素A、维生素C摄入量均高于干预前及对照组,差异均有统计学意义(Z=2.22~8.65,2.62~8.46,P值均<0.05)。膳食结构方面,干预后干预组谷薯及杂豆类摄入达标率由55.5%增加至68.8%,畜禽肉类摄入达标率由45.9%增加至56.4%,同时也均高于对照组(56.3%,44.6%),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.29~13.25,4.39~14.13,P值均<0.05)。结论流动儿童存在营养素摄入达标率低、膳食结构不合理的情况。今后可多开展面向流动儿童的营养教育,通过营养课堂、知识讲座等多种形式,同时对儿童及家长开展营养教育,有效改善流动儿童膳食结构及其他营养健康状况。
Objective To understand nutrient intake and dietary structure among migrant children in primary schools in Hongshan District of Wuhan,so as to carry out dietary nutrition intervention and evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.Methods Stratified random sampling was used-to select children in grade 3-6 who were randomly assigned to the intervention group(n=218)and the control group(n=222)from primary schools with a large number of migrant children in Hongshan District of Wuhan.After the baseline survey,the intervention group was given a two-month diet intervention with"nutrition class"and knowledge lecture,and the caregivers of the intervention group were also given an intervention.Results At baseline,both groups had inadequate nutrient intake,with adequate intake rate of calcium,selenium,vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 less than 5%;children were lack of dietary diversity with adequate intake of vegitable,milk and milk product less than 5%.After intervention,the intake of energy,three main macronutrients,calcium,vitamin A,and vitamin C in the intervention group were higher than that of before intervention,as well as than the control group,differences were statistically significant(Z=2.22-8.65,2.62-8.46,P<0.05).In terms of dietary structure,adequate intake rate of cereals and miscellaneous beans increased from 55.5% to 68.8%,livestock and poultry meat increased from 45.9% to 56.4%,which were higher than that of the control group(56.3% and 44.6%)(χ^(2)=5.29-13.25,4.39-14.13,P<0.05).Conclusion Inadequate nutrient intake and unreasonable dietary structure of migrant children can be improved through short-term dietary intervention including nutrition education to both parents and children.
作者
何邱平
刘晗
邵丽晶
向兵
杨梅
曾婧
HE Qiuping;LIU Han;SHAO Lijing;XIANG Bing;YANG Mei;ZENG Jing(School of Public Health,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan(430065),China)
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第4期524-528,533,共6页
Chinese Journal of School Health
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究项目(15YJAZH104)。
关键词
能量摄取
营养状况
膳食调查
干预性研究
儿童
Energy intake
Nutritional status
Diet surveys
Intervention studies
Child
