摘要
目的了解上海市浦东新区诺如病毒相关感染性腹泻的流行病学特征,为诺如病毒所致腹泻病的防控提供参考。方法收集2015—2019年15家监测医院腹泻病例的流行病学资料和粪便样本,应用RT-PCR法检测诺如病毒GⅠ和GⅡ两个亚型,并进行分析。结果2015—2019年共收集腹泻样本9397份,检出诺如病毒核酸阳性1938份,阳性率为20.62%,血清型以GⅡ型居多(占88.60%)。诺如病毒引起的腹泻全年均有发生,每年2~3月和10~12月为高发季节。不同性别的诺如病毒阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.611,P=0.106),15~64岁年龄组阳性率高于0~14岁和65岁及以上年龄组(χ^(2)=153.634,P<0.001),职业以干部职员/工人/商业服务/教师/医务人员/司机阳性率最高。有呕吐症状的腹泻病例诺如病毒阳性率显著高于无呕吐的病例。结论诺如病毒引起的腹泻与季节、患者年龄、职业有关,因目前尚无有效抗病毒药物及疫苗预防,应持续监测并根据流行病学特征开展针对性预防措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus infectious diarrhea in Pudong New Area of Shanghai,and to provide reference for prevention and control of diarrhea caused by norovirus.Methods Epidemiological data and stool samples from diarrhea cases of 15 hospitals in 2015-2019 years were collected.The two subtypes of norovirus G I and G II were detected by RT-PCR and analyzed.Results A total of 9397 diarrhea samples were collected in 2015-2019 years,and 1938 positive norovirus samples were detected,with a positive rate of 20.62%.The majority of serotypes were GII(88.60%).Diarrhea caused by norovirus occurs all year round,with high incidence season in 2-3 and 10-12 months every year.There was no significant difference in the positive rate of norovirus between different sexes(χ^(2)=2.611,P=0.106).The positive rate of the 15-64 year old grouPwas higher than that of the 0-14 year old grouPand the 65 year old and above group(χ^(2)=153.634,P<0.001).The highest positive rate was for cadres/worker/business services/teachers/medical staff/drivers.The positive rate of norovirus in diarrhea cases with vomiting was significantly higher than that in patients without vomiting.Conclusions Diarrhea caused by norovirus is related to season,age and occupation.Because there is no effective antiviral drugs and vaccine prevention,continuous monitoring should be carried out and targeted preventive measures should be carried out according to epidemiological characteristics.
作者
刘丹
陈诹
阎思瑾
叶楚楚
朱渭萍
LIU Dan;CHEN Zou;YAN Sijin;YE Chuchu;ZHU Weiping(Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200136,China;Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine,Shanghai 200136,China)
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2021年第3期54-57,共4页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
基金
国家科技重大专项-基于社区人群的自然疫源性传染病发病和流行水平研究(2018ZX10713001008)。
关键词
诺如病毒
感染性腹泻
流行特征
基因型
Norovirus
Infectious diarrhea
Epidemic characteristics
Genotype
