摘要
目的 了解宜昌市病毒性腹泻病原分布特征,为病毒性腹泻的防控提供科学依据。方法 收集宜昌市食源性疾病监测哨点医院2017年腹泻患者的粪便样本和全年15起疑似诺如病毒引起的暴发疫情患者的肛拭子,呕吐物或食物标本,检测轮状病毒、星状病毒、札如病毒,诺如病毒和腺病毒。结果 哨点医院样本303份,诺如病毒、轮状病毒、腺病毒、札如病毒和星状病毒的检出率分为别为13.20%、12.87%、5.28%、4.29%和3.30%,诺如病毒检出率排第一,轮状病毒紧随其后,混合感染占6.60%。疫情样本82份,诺如病毒阳性标本28份,其中27例GII型,占阳性样本的96.43%,1例GI型。结论 宜昌地区病毒性腹泻由多种病毒引起,诺如病毒和轮状病毒最多见。不同年龄段人群病毒性腹泻的病原不同,0~岁年龄组和5~岁年龄组分别为轮状病毒和诺如病毒。病毒性腹泻发病率在性别上无差异。诺如病毒GI和GII均检出,但以GII型为主。对病毒性腹泻的防控,要综合考虑事件性质和发病人群年龄来进行。
Objective To investigate the major pathogens of viral diarrhea in Yichang,and provide basis for the prevention and control of the disease. Methods The stool specimens were collected from outpatients and inpatients of sentinel hospitals.A total of 15 infectious diarrhea outbreaks caused by norovirus were reported in 2017,of which epidemic treatment materials and specimens were collected at the same time.Rotavirus was detected by ELISA.RT-PCR was used for the detection of astrovirus,sapovirus and PCR for adenovirus.Norovirus was detected by using real-time PCR. Results Out of 303 stool samples from sentinel hospital the positive rates of norovirus,rotavirus A group,adenovirus,sapovirus and astrovirus were 13.20%,12.87%,5.28%,4.29%and 3.30%.Norovirus was the highest in detection rate,followed by rotavirus.6.60%samples were identified as mixed infections.The major type of norovirus in positive sample was GII. Conclusions Viral diarrhea in Yichang is caused by many viruses,among which norovirus and rotavirus are most common.The causes of viral diarrhea in different age groups are different.Rotavirus and Norovirus are the main causes of viral diarrhea in the age groups under 5 and above.There is no gender difference in incidence.GII was the main type among Norovirus positive specimen.The prevention and control of viral diarrhea should be carried out in consideration of the nature of the incident and the age of the affected population.
作者
张娅琳
李静
李萌
周攀
马静
ZHANG Yalin;LI Jing;LI Meng;ZHOU Pan;MA Jing(Yichang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yichang,Hubei 443005,China;HuBei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuhan,Hubei 430079,China)
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2018年第6期90-93,共4页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
