摘要
生物遗传资源获取与惠益分享(access and benefit sharing,ABS)管制问题,实质上是《生物多样性公约》和《关于获取遗传资源和公正公平分享其利用所产生惠益的名古屋议定书》缔约方通过国内立法和措施使"公平合理分享由利用遗传资源而产生的惠益"目标得以实现的问题。目前有超过68个《生物多样性公约》缔约方拥有ABS相关法律、行政或政策措施,不同国家和地区关于ABS的立法形式多样,法律和政策性文件级别差异较大,主管部门设置各不相同,核心制度设计也各具特色。菲律宾、印度、巴西、哥斯达黎加、韩国、欧盟等国家和地区的立法对我国借鉴意义较大。我国应当加快ABS专门立法和制度建设,生物遗传资源研发人员需提高自身生物安全防范意识,依法保护和可持续利用我国战略性生物资源,积极参与国际合作。
Access and benefit sharing(ABS)for genetic resources is essentially realized through domestic legislation and regulatory measures by parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)and Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity,to achieve the goal of"fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources".Currently,more than 68 parties to CBD have ABS laws,administrative or policy measures,and documents in various forms.The levels of laws and policy documents of different countries and regions are quite different,and the establishment of competent authorities and the design of core systems also have their own characteristics.The ABS legislation of the Philippines,India,Brazil,Costa Rica,South Korea and the European Union is of significance to China.China should accelerate the establishment of ABS special legislation and system.Researchers studying and developing genetic resources need to raise biosafety awareness,protect and use strategic biological resources in China sustainably in accordance with law,and actively participate in international cooperation.
作者
王镥权
程蒙
Wang Lu-quan;CHENG Meng(College of Humanities and Law,Jiaxing University;National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences)
出处
《中国食品药品监管》
2021年第3期100-109,共10页
China Food & Drug Administration Magazine
基金
2019年国家社科基金重大项目——整体系统观下生物多样性保护的法律规制(19ZDA162)
生物多样性保护重大工程专项——重要野生植物遗传资源风险评估理论与方法研究(19-02)。
关键词
遗传资源
获取与惠益分享
立法
genetic resources
access and benefit sharing
legislation
