摘要
"力量源泉"原则是美国联邦储备委员会最早于20世纪80年代提出的一项特殊的银行业监管原则。不同于公司法中一般的股东有限责任,该原则要求银行控股股东对银行的损失与债务承担加重责任或准无限责任。2010年,美国《华尔街改革与消费者保护法》首次以立法形式确立了该项原则的法律地位。但是,理论上关于该监管原则的正当性、必要性仍然存在极大争议。在干预控制说、风险转移说、正向激励说等不同学说中,系统风险防范说相对更具有说服力,但从系统性风险防范的公共产品属性角度分析发现,系统性风险防范说亦不足以为"力量源泉"原则提供充分的理论支撑。我国银行业监督管理机构对"力量源泉"原则的引入与适用,存在缺乏上位法、适用范围宽泛化、难以产生实际效果等操作性问题。对于"力量源泉"原则的接受与适用,我国立法应当采取更为科学慎重的态度。
The "source of strength" doctrine is a unique banking supervision doctrine put forward by the Federal Reserve Board of the United States. Other than the general rule of limited liability of shareholders under corporate law, the doctrine imposes an enhanced liability or quasi-unlimited liability on bank controlling shareholders for bank losses or debts. Although the 2010 Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act has incorporated this doctrine into American law for the first time, there are still many disputes on the legitimacy and necessity of this doctrine in theory. Among intervention theory, risk transfer theory and positive incentives theory, systemic prevention theory are seemingly more persuasive. However, based on the public attributes of systemic risk prevent, systemic risk prevention theory could not provide sufficient theoretical support to "source of strength" doctrine either. Beside the same insufficiency of theoretical support, China’s introduction of the doctrine in its banking regulation faces practical problems including the lack of legislation, unduly expansion of application scope and unlikeliness to effect. Deliberative attitude should be adopted for the acceptance of "source of strength" doctrine in China.
出处
《经贸法律评论》
2021年第2期71-83,共13页
Business and Economic Law Review
关键词
力量源泉
股东加强责任
系统性风险防范
公共属性
Source of Strength
Shareholder’s Enhanced Liability
Systemic Risk Prevention
Public Attributes
