摘要
随着气候环境变化和人类活动影响加剧,博斯腾湖水位发生了明显改变。基于最近观测的气候水文数据,分析了1961—2019年博斯腾湖流域水文气候要素和湖泊的变化特征,探讨了湖泊水文变化的可能影响因素。结果表明:博斯腾湖水位(面积)发生了明显的阶段性变化,其中1961—1987年有下降(萎缩)趋势,1988—2002年迅速上升(扩张),在2003—2012年大幅下降(萎缩),但在2013年之后有明显上升(扩张)。这种阶段性变化受区域气候转型和人类干扰共同影响,其中区域气候增暖增湿引起了1987年之后湖泊水位上升;但从2003年开始,农业灌溉用水增加使得博斯腾湖入湖径流有所减少,流域生态输水工程增加了博斯腾湖的出湖水量,而降水减少导致的干旱频率增加,这些因素共同作用下使得湖泊水位大幅下降;而2013年以来湖泊水位上升主要与山区降水增加和增温加剧引起的冰雪融水补给增加有关。此外,工农业排放废水导致水质退化,进而改变了博斯腾湖自然水循环系统。因此,在气候变化背景下,博斯腾湖未来的水安全很大程度上依赖于人类活动的影响。
Bosten Lakehas experienced drastic change on water level due to the climate environment changes and intensified human activities.Based on the recent climate and hydrological data,this paper analyzes the hydrological and climatic elements and the change characteristics of the Bosten Lake Basin from 1961 to 2019,and discusses the possible influencing factors for the hydrological change of the lake.The results show that:There is obvious changes by stages on the water level(area)of the lake as follows:decrease during 1961—1987,rapid increase during 1988—2002,drastic decrease during 2003—2012,and drastic increase after 2013.The changes by stages are caused by a climate-driven regime shift coupled with human disturbance.The increase in the water level after 1987 is driven by regional climate warming and wetting.However,since 2003,due to the increase in agricultural irrigation water,the runoff of Bosten Lake is reduced;after the implementation of the ecological water conveyance project(EWCP),the lake s outflow is significantly increased;and a decreased precipitation leads to an increased drought frequency.Therefore,the lake level drops significantly under the combined action of these factors.The increase in lake level since 2013 is mainly related to the increase in the supply of melted ice and snow caused by the great increase in precipitation and temperature in mountainous areas.Furthermore,wastewater emissions give rise to water degradation,resulting in complete change on the natural water cycle system in the Bosten Lake.Indeed,under the background of climate change,the future water security of Bosten Lake is largely dependent on the human activities.
作者
姚俊强
陈静
迪丽努尔·托列吾别克
胡文峰
YAO Junqiang;CHEN Jing;Dilinuer Tuoliewubieke;HU Wenfeng(Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China;Fuyang Normal University,Fuyang 236000,China)
出处
《人民珠江》
2021年第4期19-27,共9页
Pearl River
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2018D01B06)。
关键词
湖泊水位
水文
气候
生态输水
博斯腾湖
lake level
hydrology
ecological water conveyance
Bosten Lake
