摘要
基于2000—2004年夏季林火火场相关数据、资料,并对其整理与分析,研究黑龙江大兴安岭地区夏季火灾形成的火环境因子特征,以及对黑龙江大兴安岭地区1966—2015年夏季防火期(6月16日—9月14日)的地面日平均气象资料,研究气候变化趋势与火灾与相互响应机制。结果表明:黑龙江大兴安岭地区夏季林火以地表火和地下火为主,地下火发生最多的是偃松–落叶松林可燃物类型,发生比例为70%,受坡度影响不大,阴坡比阳坡发生地下火概率高;黑龙江大兴安岭地区树冠火主要发生在偃松矮曲林,坡度增大,树冠火发生的几率也随之增加,阳坡发生树冠火的概率大于阴坡;大兴安岭1966—2015年近50年的夏季气候为暖干趋势,夏季森林火灾发生的危险性增强,气候因子的这些变化将导致林区出现高温干燥的现象,重大火灾的发生,将严重威胁大兴安岭地区的主要树种落叶松树种。黑龙江大兴安岭地区夏季森林火灾主要为雷击火居多,环境特征因子对其影响的相关性分析数据及理论,可以为森林防火部门提供决策支撑。
The characteristics of environmental factors causing summer forest fire were studied through collection and analysis of the relative forest fire data and materials during the period of 2000–2004 in Daxing'an Mountains of Heilongjiang Province.Based on the average daily indicators of surface meteorological data of Daxing'an Mountains in the summer fire season(from June 16 to September 14)during the period of 1966–2015,the mutual response mechanism between climate change and forest fire was studied.The results show that Daxing'an Mountains are mainly affected by surface fire and ground fire in summer,and in which,the ground fire broke out the most in the fuel type of Larix gmelinii−Pinus pumila with a proportion of 70%,while it has a high percent in the sunny slope than in the shady slope.The crown fire mainly break out in the fuel type of P.pumila elfin wood,and the frequency of the crown fire increases with the slop increasing.In the south slope,the grown fire is more prone to break out than in the north.The climate of Daxing'an Mountains during the period of 1966–2015,nearly 50 years,tends to be warm and dry,so the fire risk is increasing in summer.These changes in climate will lead to a high temperature and dry environment within the forest,devastating fire will pose a threat to the main tree species of L.gmelinii in Daxing'an Mountains.The summer forest fires in Daxing'an Mountains are mainly caused by lightning.The data and theory of correlation analysis on environmental factors and forest fire can provide decision-making reference for forest fire prevention institutions.
作者
何诚
舒立福
刘柯珍
He Cheng;Shu Lifu;Liu Kezhen(Nanjing Forest Police College,Nanjing Jiangsu 210023,China;Key Open Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Protection,Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)
出处
《西南林业大学学报（自然科学）》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第3期87-93,共7页
Journal of Southwest Forestry University：Natural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31870643,31901321)资助
江苏省自然科学基金项目(SBK2020020599)资助
江苏省“六大人才高峰”培养工程(XYDXX-040)资助
南京森林警察学院优秀科技创新团队资助。
关键词
大兴安岭
森林火灾
夏季火
雷击火
环境因素
气候变化
Daxing'an Mountains
forest fire
summer forest fire
lightning fire
environmental factor
climate change
