摘要
强降雨产生的沟内汇流是破坏山区堵沟型滑坡堰塞坝的主要原因。如何实现堵沟型滑坡堰塞坝的监测和快速预警仍然是滑坡灾害防治研究的重点和难点,针对这一问题,提出了一种基于气象水文监测技术的小流域内堵沟型滑坡堰塞坝的应急监测预警方法。该法利用雨量计、水位计和流速仪等气象水文监测设备以及无线传输网络数据传输技术可同时对沟内汇流过程,以及降雨过程进行实时监测。此外,基于监测断面的累积径流总量与堰塞坝最大库容量之间的关系,构建了5级堰塞坝危险预警级别及对应的判别指标。以都江堰银洞子沟滑坡堰塞坝为对象,进行实地监测试验。结果显示:2017年8月28日银洞子沟流域出现特大暴雨,最大小时雨强达50 mm/h,危险等级为Ⅳ级(最危险等级);在低处溃口处,当溃口处库容超过3000 m~3时,将淹没溃口顶部,出现溃决;在流量峰顶前的3 h,库容达到了最大库容的1/3,监测系统发出了第一次预警;当雨强超过50 mm/h后,监测系统发出红色预警信号,下游村庄立即组织疏散,并封闭流动路径上公路,因此未造成人员伤亡和重大财产损失。实践表明,该方法能够提前3 h预警堰塞坝破坏,同时由于该方法系统架构简便,监测预警设备的安装调试需求时间比较少,能够达到快速预警的目的。
The gully-confluence caused by heavy rainfall is the primary cause for the destruction of the landslide dam formed by gully-blocking landslide.How to realize the monitoring and rapid early warning of the dam is still one of the key and difficult points in the research of landslide disaster prevention.Based on the meteorological and hydrological monitoring technology,an emergency monitoring and early warning method for the landslide dam formed by gully-blocking landslide in a small watershed is proposed herein for this problem.This method can make a real-time monitoring on the confluence process and rainfall process simutaneously with the meteorological and hydrological monitoring equipment such as rain gauge,water level gauge,current meter,etc.as well as the data transmission technology of wireless transmission network.Additionally,5 risk early warning levels and the corresponding discrimination indexes are established in accordance with the relationship between the total accumulative runoff of the monitoring section and the maximum storage capacity of the landslide dam.By taking Yindongzigou Landslide Dam occurred in Dujiangyan City as the object,a in situ monitoring experiment is carrried out.The result shows that an extraordinary rainstorm occurred in Yindongzigou Watershed on August 28,2017 with the maximum hourly rainfall intensity of 50 mm/h and the risk level grade of IV(the most dangerous level),while at the breach located at low place,the top of the locaton of the breach was submerged and then breach occurred when the storage capacity at the breach exceeded 3000 m~3;the storage capacity reached 1/3 of its maximum value for 3 hours before beaching the peak flowrate,and then the monitoring system sent out the first early warning;when the rainfall intensity exceeded 50 mm/h,red early warning was sent out by the monitoring system,and then the evacuation of downstream villages was immediately organized and the roads on the flow path were closed as well,thus no any casualties and major property losses were cau
作者
赵斌滨
欧文浩
吴亚骏
胡梦泉
杨知
刘毅
孔小昂
ZHAO Binbin;OU Wenhao;WU Yajun;HU Mengquan;YANG Zhi;LIU Yi;KONG Xiaoang(Faculty of Engineering,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China;China Electric Power Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100055,China;Central China Power Control Sub-center of State Grid,Wuhan 430077,Hubei,China;Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Tibet Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Lhasa 850000,Tibet,China)
出处
《水利水电技术（中英文）》
北大核心
2021年第2期165-173,共9页
Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划“极端条件下的大区域电网设施安全保障技术”(2018YFC0809400)
国家电网有限公司科技项目“基于合成孔径雷达的地质灾害分析技术在川藏高原战略输电通道中的应用研究”(GCB17201800051)。
关键词
滑坡
堰塞坝
降雨
汇流
监测预警
稳定性
Landslide
lanslide dam
rainfall
confluence
monitoring and early warning
stability
