摘要
农田生物多样性对于维持农田生态系统服务功能和农业可持续发展具有重要意义。为揭示农田景观特征和管理方式对农田生态系统植物群落和物种多样性的影响,以有机稻田(ON)、常规化防稻田(天然林脚下,CN)、常规化防稻田(距天然林>10km,CF)系统为研究对象,调查了田内、田埂和沟渠生境的植物物种组成和多样性特征,并对三种类型稻田系统共125个样方进行DCA排序分析。结果表明:(1)有机稻田的物种丰富度显著高于两种常规化防稻田,其中,ON植物由51科101属109种组成,CN植物由35科69属74种组成,CF植物由23科49属54种组成;(2)ON的Simpson指数和Shannon-Weiner多样性指数与CN均没有显著性差异,但显著高于CF;(3)无论是有机稻田还是常规化防稻田,物种丰富度、Simpson指数和Shannon-Weiner指数均以田埂最高,沟渠次之,田内最低;(4)总体而言,相同生境下,ON各多样性指数(J除外)均高于CN,但无显著差异,而与CF差异显著。此外,DCA排序图显示,相同生境下,ON和CN的植物群落相似性较大,而CN和CF的群落相似性小。上述结果共同表明,农田植物物种多样性维持受农田管理方式和农田景观特征的复合影响,低集约化农田景观对于维持农田生态系统植物物种多样性和群落组成具有更重要作用。
Farmland biodiversity plays an important role in farm ecosystem services and sustainable agricultural development.To explore the mixed effects of farm landscape and management practices on plant community and species diversity in farm ecosystem,species composition and diversity were investigated in the interior,field bund and drainage ditch of the organic paddies(ON),conventional paddies(from the natural forest<100m,CN)and conventional paddies(from the natural forest>1km,CF).Detrended Correspondence Analysis(DCA)was carried out for 125 plots of three types of paddy field systems.The results showed the following:(1)there were 66 species(101 genera belonging to 51 families)distributed in ON,while 74 species(69 genera belonging to 35 families)distributed in CN and 54 species(49 genera belonging to 23 families)distributed in CF.(2)The Simpson dominance index and Shannon-Weiner diversity index of ON were higher than that in CN but with no significant difference,while significantly higher than CF.(3)No matter the organic paddies or the conventional paddies,the diversity index in field bund was higher than that in interior and drainage ditch,which showed the importance of non-crop habitats for maintaining biodiversity.(4)DCA ordination map showed that under the same habitat,plant communities of ON and CN had greater similarity,while those of CN and CF had smaller similarity.These results reveal that the plant diversity in paddy field is affected by mixed effects of management practices and landscape structure,and the low intensive farm landscapes may be the main driver of the diversity and composition of plant communities.
作者
杨梅
刘念
阎艳
吴芸紫
刘章勇
YANG Mei;LIU Nian;YAN Yan;WU Yunzi;LIU Zhangyong(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland(Ministry of Education),Jingzhou 434025,China;Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jingzhou 434000,China)
出处
《生态科学》
CSCD
2021年第1期43-51,共9页
Ecological Science
基金
湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BBA044)
长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金(KF201804)。
关键词
有机稻田
常规化防稻田
农田景观
植物多样性
生境
organic paddies
conventional paddies
farmland landscape
plant diversity
habitat
