摘要
虚银两制度是银两史研究的重难点问题。作为一种制度,虚银两有效运行的背后存在一套由各类金融机构、商人组织操持运行的制度构架。虚银两在晚清时期大量涌现,实际是白银价值基准日益深化发展的产物:从官方“纹银”标准到不同库平银两的出现,说明政府财政领域的各种平制与银色标准的有机结合;民间社会除“纹银”“足银”标准外,另有纷繁多样的地方诸色银两,它们与地方差异化的平制结合形成更为多元的地方虚银标准,而不同的兑制反映着行业和地域习惯的差别。近代虚银两标准虽有地域局部统一的趋势,然与西欧国家逐渐成形的本位制度以及“一国一币”的主权货币制度所呈现的信用聚合特质相比,虚银两与白银的价值基准演化路径,具有离散特点。
The system of virtual silver is an important and difficult problem in the study of silver history.As a system,behind the effective operation of virtual silver,there is a set of institutional framework run by various financial institutions and merchant organizations.The virtual silver,appeared in the late Qing Dynasty,is actually the product of the deepening development of silver value benchmark——from the official standard of“fine silver”to the appearance of different banked silver.It shows the organic combination of various flat systems and silver standards in the field of government finance.In addition to the standard of“fine silver”and“pure silver”,the civil society has various silver.They form more diversified local virtual silver standards by combining them with local differential flat system,and different cashing systems reflect the differences of industry and regional habits.Although the two standards of virtual silver in modern times was a trend of local unification of the two standards of virtual silver,compared with the standard system gradually formed in Western European countries and the credit aggregation characteristics of the“one country,one currency”sovereign monetary system,the evolutional path of value benchmark of virtual silver and silver during the Ming and Qing Dynasties is discrete.
作者
邱永志
张国坤
QIU Yongzhi;ZHANG Guokun(School of Economics,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330013,China)
出处
《江西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期124-137,共14页
Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目“转向‘白银时代’:元明货币流通体制的转型”(编号:2019T120562)
中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“转向‘白银时代’:明代货币白银化与银钱并行的形成”(编号:2018M640603)
江西省博士后科研项目择优资助项目“元明变迁视野下的明代货币流通体制转型研究”(编号:2018KY09)
江西省博士后日常经费资助项目“明清铜钱体系的式微与重整”(编号:2019RC02)。
关键词
白银
虚银两
价值基准
深化
离散
silver
virtual silver
value benchmark
deepening
dispersion
