摘要
为了明确玉米秸秆还田下低温秸秆腐熟土著菌剂(菌剂A)田间秸秆促腐应用效果,采取小区定位试验和网袋翻埋研究方法,于上茬玉米秋季收获后,原田表面喷施清水(CK)、低温秸秆腐熟菌(菌剂A)和对照腐熟菌剂(菌剂B、菌剂C),采用3种秸秆还田深度(10、20、30 cm),针对玉米秸秆还田后的土壤肥力、秸秆腐解率及秸秆残余物组分含量展开研究。结果表明,不同菌剂在秸秆还田10 cm可显著增加耕层土壤有机质含量,菌剂A效果最佳,分别较菌剂B、菌剂C增加2.72%、2.21%,深层还田20、30 cm土壤肥力各项指标增加不显著,菌剂对土壤肥力优化效果呈现菌剂A>菌剂C>菌剂B,菌剂A和菌剂C能够较好地释放秸秆中的养分,改良土壤,提高地力;菌剂A秸秆促腐熟效果显著好于对照,秸秆降解率提高比率呈先升高再降低的趋势,且以8月份降解率增幅最大;菌处秸秆残余物的粗纤维、半纤维素、全磷和全钾含量与对照相比显著降低,降低幅度分别是6.81%~15.35%、3.53%~23.55%、7.06%~37.04%和21.93%~39.83%。
In order to clarify the corrosion promotion effect of low-temperature decomposed indigenous bacteria(agent A)on field straw,adopting the research methods of plot positioning test and net bag burial,after the autumn harvest of the previous crop of corn,spraying clear water(CK),low-temperature straw decomposing fungus(microbial agentc A)and control decomposing fungus(microbial agent B,fungus agent C)on the surface of the original field,three depths of straw returning to the field(10,20,30 cm)were used to study the soil fertility,straw decomposing rate and the content of straw residues after corn straw returning to the field.The results showed that the different bacteria agent in straw counters-field 10 cm could significantly increase the top layer of soil organic matter content,bacteria agent A had the best effect,increased by 2.72%,2.211% compared with the bacteria agent B and C respectively,and the deep returning 20 cm,30 cm each index of soil fertility increase was not significant,bacterium agent to soil fertility optimization results showed bacterium agent A>bacterium agent C>bacterium agent B,bacteria agent A and bacterium agent C could better release the nutrient in the straw,soil improvement,to improve soil fertility.The effect of bactericidal agent A on straw ripening was significantly better than that of the control group,and the increase rate of straw degradation rate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the increase rate of straw degradation rate was the largest in August.The contents of crude fiber,hemicellulose,total phosphorus and total potassium in the straw residues were significantly reduced compared with the control group,with the reduction ranges of 6.81%-15.35%,3.53%-23.55%,7.06%-37.04% and 21.93%-39.83%,respectively.
作者
孟祥海
王佰成
王延锋
王金贺
邵广忠
王立柱
李玉梅
王根林
孙殷会
张庆娜
程娟
MENG Xiang-hai;WANG Bai-cheng;WANG Yan-feng(Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mudanjiang,Heilongjiang 157000)
出处
《安徽农业科学》
CAS
2021年第6期72-75,79,共5页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences
基金
黑龙江省农业科学院院级科研项目(应用研发类)(2019YYYF034)
黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(JJ2020LH2154)
国家重点研发项目(2016YFD0300806)
黑龙江省级支助项目(GX18B013)
黑龙江省重点基金项目(LBH-Q14148)。
关键词
玉米秸秆
低温腐熟
土著菌
土壤肥力
腐熟效果
Corn stalks
Low-temperature decomposing
Indigenous bacteria
Soil fertility
Decomposing effect
