摘要
清朝康熙、乾隆的北巡避暑、行围活动,应追溯于顺治时期,摄政王多尔衮已经于喜峰口外修建避暑城、设置围场。从康熙皇帝实际举行哨鹿角度看,哨鹿所应设置于康熙二十三年(1684年)。北巡行围的关键名词术语,哨鹿、木兰出现于康熙时,木兰围场、木兰秋狝等则出现于乾隆时,各有特定含义、使用语境与时间范畴。清廷依托直辖地设置哨鹿所,又以蒙古各旗“敬献”之地设置围场,共同构成泛称意义的“木兰”围场,并被乾隆朝官修史籍用于追忆康熙时期的史事。伴随边界划定、管理加强、秋狝典制化,“木兰围场”成为一个范围缩小、地界明确的地名。乾隆初年重启北巡前后,在“遵循祖制”的政治需要与口号下,乾隆皇帝粉饰康雍年间诸多木兰故事,将哨鹿行围游乐之趣事,转变为肄武绥藩之大典。康熙时因避暑之名而得肄武绥藩之效,乾隆时则借肄武绥藩之名而行避暑之实。
The summer tour and hunting activities in the North by emperors Kangxi and Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty should be traced back to Shunzhi Period when Regent Dorgon had built a summer resort and hunting field outside Xifengkou.According to Kangxi’s actual holding of the hunting activity Shaolu,the hunting place Shaolusuo should be set in the twenty-third year of Kangxi.Key terms on the Northern Patrol such as Shaolu and Mulan appeared in Kangxi Period and Mulan Weichang and Mulan Qiuxian appeared in Qianlong Period,which have specific meanings,contexts and time ranges.Qing government set up Shaolusuo in the districts under direct control and Weichang in the places“worshiped”by Mongolian Banners,which together constituted“Mulan”hunting place in the general sense and was used to recall the historical events of Kangxi by the officials of Qianlong.With the boundary demarcation,tightened administration and institutionalization of Qiuxian,Mulan Weichang has become a place name with reduced limits and clear boundaries.Around restarting the Northern patrol in the early years,under the political necessity of“Following the system of ancestors”,Qianlong reconstructed many Mulan stories of Kang Yong Time from the anecdotes of hunting into the events of military ceremony.While Kangxi exerted a military influence in the name of summer resort,Qianlong executed the practice of summer tour in the name of military policy.
作者
刘文波
LIU Wenbo(School of Marxism, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China)
出处
《内蒙古师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2021年第1期42-59,共18页
Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition
基金
2015年度教育部人文社科青年基金项目“清民时期热河驻防诸问题研究”(15YJC770018)研究成果之一。
关键词
北巡
哨鹿所
木兰秋狝
多尔衮
蒙古献地
Northern Patrol
Shaolu
Mulan Qiuxian
Dorgon
places worshiped by Mongolians
