摘要
在胡塞尔的现象学中,语言主要体现于表象行为和判断行为之中,属于非直观行为,以感知和想象等直观行为为基础,为情感、意愿等非客体化行为奠基。胡塞尔从现象学角度,对表达与含义、指称、判断等语言问题进行了详细的分析,其核心观点包括:(1)有含义的符号是表达,无含义的符号是指号,前者具有意指功能,后者只有指示功能;(2)表达是主观体验的统一,含义是客观观念的统一,含义内在于表达之中,对象则是外在于表达的东西;(3)通名可以直接指称对象,因为范畴和形式也可以在直观中被充实;(4)判断的明见性源于对象的明见性,对象的明见性源于前谓词经验,前谓词经验源于生活世界,因此,生活世界是判断的明见性的最终来源。总之,胡塞尔的现象学讨论了一系列重要的语言哲学问题,从中可以看出,它的语言分析从属于意向分析,它初步建构了一门作为意识哲学的语言哲学,为当代意识哲学与语言哲学之间的会通提供了一个范例。
In Husserlian Phenomenology,language exists in representational act and judgmental act,which are non-intuitive,based on intuitive acts such as perception and imagination and laying the foundation for non-objective acts such as emotion and will.From the perspective of Phenomenology,Husserl made a detailed analysis of language problems such as expression,meaning,reference,and judgment.His core viewpoints include the following aspects.(1)The meaning of the symbol is the expression while the meaningless symbol is the sign.The former has function of meaning,and the latter only has function of indicating.(2)Expression is the unity of subjective experience,and meaning is the unity of objective concept.Meaning is underlying the expression and object is externally expressed.(3)The generic name can directly refer to the object because the categories and forms can also be enriched in the intuitive.(4)The evidence of judgment comes from the evidentiary nature of the object.The evidence of the object originates from the pre-predicate experience.The pre-predicate experience originates from the life-world.Therefore,the life-world is the source of the evidence of judgment.It can be seen that the linguistic analysis of Phenomenology is subordinate to intentional analysis.To sum up,Husserlian phenomenology discusses a series of important issues of philosophy of language,from which we can see that its language analysis is subordinate to intentional analysis.It initially constructs a philosophy of language as a philosophy of consciousness,and provides an example for the communication between contemporary philosophy of consciousness and philosophy of language.
出处
《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期55-65,227,228,共13页
Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“唯识学与现象学语言观之比较研究”(19BZX074),项目负责人:陈鑫
海南省社科联项目“语言哲学视域中的唯识学与现象学比较研究”(HNSK(YB)19-32),项目负责人:陈鑫。
