摘要
矩阵力学和波动力学是量子力学的两种早期形态。前者由海森堡、约当、玻恩提出,后者由薛定谔提出。1926年,薛定谔给出二者之间等价性的证明。随后,泡利、狄拉克、约当、冯·诺伊曼等人或是为等价性证明给出新的版本,或是给出了间接的论证。这两种力学现在已被表述为海森堡绘景和薛定谔绘景,而数学家近来又从量子化问题出发对其等价性做出新的考察。本文对此历史过程进行回顾分析,以评估等价性问题对物理发展的意义。
Matrix mechanics and wave mechanics are two early formulations of quantum mechanics.The former was put forward by Heisenberg,Jordan and Born,and the latter by Schr?dinger.In 1926,Schr?dinger proved the equivalence between the two formulations,and then Pauli,Dirac,Jordan,Von Neumann had either given new versions of proofs,or provided indirect arguments.These two formulations are now presented as Heisenberg picture and Schr?dinger picture,but recently mathematicians have made new progress on their equivalence in the light of the quantization problem.This paper examines and analyses this historical course to estimate the significance of the equivalence problem in the development of physics.
作者
朱科夫
ZHU Kefu(School of Humanities,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049)
出处
《自然辩证法通讯》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期52-60,共9页
Journal of Dialectics of Nature
关键词
矩阵力学
波动力学
希尔伯特空间
量子化问题
理论的等价性
Matrix mechanics
Wave mechanics
Hilbert space
The quantization problem
Equivalence of theories
