摘要
社会经济发展导致人类对水资源系统干扰程度加剧,水资源短缺成为社会普遍关注的生态环境问题.水资源短缺评价历经40年发展,取得了从"水量型"一维模式、"水量-水质型"二维模式到"水量-水质-生态"("量-质-生")三维模式的阶段性进展.本文在对国内外水资源短缺评价进行系统梳理的基础上,提出了"量-质-生"三维水资源短缺理论及评价框架体系,并对三维水资源短缺评价原理和核算方法进行了阐述.最后总结了未来4个主要研究方向,即完善三维水资源短缺评价理论体系、开展多空间尺度应用研究、考虑实体水-虚拟水时空流动的影响,以及揭示水资源短缺演变机理.在水资源短缺评估中,综合考虑水量、水质和生态3个维度,可以突破传统单一模式的限制,有利于有的放矢地制定水资源应对策略,实现水资源综合管理.
The increasing population,improving living standards,and expanding economic activities are responsible for rising water demands.In recent decades,the imbalance between water supply and demand has become increasingly prominent.Coupled with the unreasonable use of water resources,this has led to serious water scarcity problems that affect the sustainable development of modern society.Under this background,water scarcity has become an important environmental issue for our sustainable planet.Water scarcity is affected by regional water resource endowments and the ways in which water resources are developed and utilized by human beings.Quantity-induced water scarcity occurs when the quantity of water resources is insufficient.Meanwhile,pollution can cause water scarcity as the services provided by polluted water are not equivalent to that of clean water.Quality-induced water scarcity occurs when the pollutants exceed the environmental carrying capacity.Since Marlin Falkenmark first proposed the concept and assessment method of water scarcity in the 1980 s,water scarcity assessment has developed for nearly 40 years.With the development of new theories,progress has been made,such as development of different approaches for assessing water scarcity,identification of influencing factors of water scarcity,revealing the formation mechanism,and exploring strategies to cope with water scarcity.As a result,water scarcity assessment has experienced an evolutionary pathway from a one-dimensional model emphasizing only quantity-induced water scarcity to a two-dimensional model(considering both quantity-induced and quality-induced water scarcity),toward a three-dimensional(3 D)model(or 3 D water scarcity theory)that considers water quantity,water quality,and environmental flows simultaneous.Based on a systematic review of water scarcity assessment in the literature,this study demonstrates the 3 D water scarcity theory and elaborates on its basic concepts,principles,and core methods.The 3 D water scarcity theory was first proposed b
作者
刘俊国
赵丹丹
Junguo Liu;Dandan Zhao(School of Environmental Science&Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第36期4251-4261,共11页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家杰出青年科学基金(41625001)
中美国际合作网络IRCN项目(51711520317)
南方科技大学高水平专项(G02296302,G02296402)资助。
关键词
水资源短缺
水量型缺水
水质型缺水
三维水资源短缺评价
人水和谐
water scarcity
quantity-induced water scarcity
quality-induced water scarcity
three-dimension water scarcity theory(3D water scarcity)
harmonious water-human relationship
