摘要
目的通过对2019年海南省工作场所职业病危害因素监测状况分析,了解职业病危害及防治对策。方法收集2019年《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》中的子系统《职业病危害因素监测系统》的海南省网络直报材料,进行职业病危害因素监测状况分析。结果 2019年海南省共有734家企业开展了职业危害因素监测,50 222名劳动者中有22 322人接触职业病危害因素,接害率为44.4%,重点与非重点行业的接害率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按企业规模分类统计接害率,不同规模的企业接害率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。职业病危害因素接触率分类中最高的为物理因素中的噪声,接害15 352人,接害率为30.57%。职业健康监护中接触物理类危害因素的劳动者最多,应检17 142人,实检率99.36%;其次为接触粉尘类危害因素的劳动者,应检127 18人,实检率90.54%;接触化学类危害因素的劳动者最少,应检12 015人,实检率80.86%。结论 2019年海南省企业类型以小型、微型居多,且多数集中在县级地区。监测的危害因素以物理因素类的噪声出现频率高,小型、微型企业的职业危害因素接害率较高、职业健康监护率较低等问题需要重点关注。政府部门应加大企业危害因素监测工作的监督力度,通过查找问题、制定并落实整改措施,营造安全的作业环境,预防和控制职业病的发生。
Objective To study occupational hazards and preventive measures by analyzing the monitoring status of occupational hazard factors in workplace of Hainan Province in 2019. Methods The network direct report data in 2019 were collected from the Occupational Hazardous Factors Report System which was the subsystem of the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System", to analyze the monitoring situation of occupational hazard factors. Results In 2019, a total of 734 enterprises carried out the occupational hazards monitoring in Hainan Province. 22 322 of 50 222 laborers were exposed to occupational hazards, and the exposure rate of occupational hazards was 44.4%. There was statistically significant difference in the exposure rate between the key industries and non-key industries(P<0.05). There was statistically significant difference in the exposure rate among enterprises of different sizes(P<0.05). Noise was the highest exposed occupational hazard factor, there were15 352 exposure laborers, and the exposure rate was 30.57%. In occupational health monitoring, the laborers exposed to physical hazards were the most, 17 142 persons were supposed to be inspected and the actual inspection rate reached 99.36%, followed by the number of laborers exposed to dust hazards, 127 18 persons were supposed to be inspected and the actual inspection rate was 90.54%. The number of laborers exposed to chemical hazards was the lowest, 12 015 persons were supposed to be inspected and the actual inspection rate was 80.86%. Conclusion In 2019, enterprises in Hainan Province mostly small and micro-size enterprises, and most of them are located in the counties. Noise, a physical factor, emerges as the highest frequency of occupational hazard. The small and micro enterprises have the higher exposure rate of occupational hazards and lower rate of occupational health surveillance, which should be paid attention to. The government departments should strengthen the supervision of hazard factors monitoring in enterprises, and create a sa
作者
阙凌云
李宾
金蕾
QUE Ling-yun;LI Bin;JIN Lei(Occupational Health Office,Public Health Center,Hainan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Haikou Hainan,570203,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2020年第22期3025-3028,共4页
Occupation and Health
关键词
工作场所
职业病危害因素
监测
Workplaces
Occupational hazard factors
Monitoring
