摘要
20世纪70年代,不丹四世国王辛格·旺楚克将“国民幸福总值”这一内向探求生命愉悦的心理体验,直接转化为不丹国家治理的核心概念,并以行政力量在整个社会推广开来。其主要内容是以王权促政治转型,关注经济发展质量的逻辑以及幸福教育。“不丹模式”国家治理的独特道路并不是一蹴而就的,而是不丹君主制政权渐进的政治改革与佛教理念熏陶下政治文化和价值观的历史产物。“幸福教育”理论体系较为完整,但实践操作则存在较多困难,并带来了一些意想不到的后果。强制实行以民族融合和同化为特征的民族不丹化政策,造成难民问题,至今悬而未决。尽管如此,“以追求国民幸福为终极目标”的“不丹模式”国家发展道路在世界治理史上仍具有独特个性和重要地位。
In the 1970s,Jigme Singye Wangchuck,the fourth king of Bhutan,transformed the inward psychological experience of Gross National Happiness(GNH)into the core concept of Bhutan’s national governance,and promoted it in the whole society with administrative power.It mainly focuses on promoting political transformation by royal power,highlighting the logic of economic development quality and emphasizing happiness education.The unique way of“Bhutan model”in national governance is not achieved overnight,but the historical and cultural product under the influence of the gradual political reform of Bhutan monarchy and Buddhist doctrines.The“Bhutan model”has also brought some unexpected consequences.Bhutan’s compulsory policy of Bhutanization characterized by ethnic integration and assimilation has resulted in the problem of Bhutanese refugees,which is still unresolved.The theoretical system of“Happiness Education”is relatively complete,but it is not easy to put into action.Nevertheless,the“Bhutan model”,the national development path with“the pursuit of national happiness as the ultimate goal”has unique traits and occupies an important position in the history of governance across the world.
作者
李铁
LI Tie(School of Foreign Languages,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China)
出处
《西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期34-41,共8页
Journal of Northwest University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition
基金
陕西省社会科学基金项目(2017K025)。
关键词
国民幸福
“不丹模式”
国家治理
national happiness
“Bhutan model”
national governance
