摘要
在“脱贫攻坚”和“乡村振兴”的政策背景下,城市资本与城镇发展目光逐渐向乡村转移,乡村建设的实践活动逐渐增多,但是资本投入所实现的效益却不尽人意,建筑师介入乡村的美好愿景与现实状况也相去甚远。通过重读“建筑学语言”的内涵,发现在乡村建设过程中需要多层次多维度的眼光去审视乡村,由此解读出“乡土再造”的具体内涵。从乡村建设实践的实际状况来看,正是由于“再造内容理解片面、再造主体认识混淆”等问题的普遍存在,才导致乡村建筑学语言的“失语”和生长停滞。通过回顾青海省湟中县黑城村共同缔造实践,印证了乡土再造不仅仅是乡村物质空间实体的再造,最根本是乡村底层集体思维的再造,而在此过程中,乡土再造的主体是村民自己,“设计师介入乡村”应当扮演“参与者”的角色,通过驻场设计引导的方式融入到当地乡土建筑学语言的底层集体思维中,如此引导乡村自发修补的集体意识才是乡村生长的动力之源,并能形成一种可持续的乡村建设模式。
Under the policy background of“poverty-alleviation projects”and“rural revitalization”,social capital and urban development gradually transfer to countryside.Although the rural construction activities are gradually increasing,the benefits of capital investment are not satisfactory,and architect’s will is far from reality.By recapping the connotation and expression of“architectural language”,three levels of expression of“vernacular architectural language”are deduced:the“surface layer”corresponds to the physical space entity;the“middle layer”behind the“surface layer”reflects its unique natural-humanistic environment,that is,the overall vernacular environment;the“deep layer”is the logical order of vernacular environment in the middle layer.Among them,the deep logical order is the core part of the expression of“vernacular architectural language”.Under the guidance of this logical order,the village forms an organic whole from the“middle layer”to the“surface layer”.The expression of“vernacular architectural language”and rural development are carried out simultaneously.In the vernacular context,combined with traditional Chinese thinking,the deep logical order is externalized into its specific“rural customs”,that is,collective consciousness.This paper defines it as the“deep collective thinking”.Then,it is clear that“vernacular reconstruction”does not only include the organization and shaping of rural material space,but also the remolding of“deep collective thinking”,which is an organizational order to solve many contradictions in rural construction.By reviewing the joint creation practice of Heicheng Village in Huangzhong District,Qinghai Province,the two reasons of“vernacular architectural language aphasia”in the early stage of reconstruction are summarized.On the one hand,the stagnation of rural growth caused by the decline of village collective consciousness;on the other hand,the architect failed to go deep into the“vernacular architecture language
作者
苏童
刘辉龙
王宇
SU Tong;LIU Huilong;WANG Yu
出处
《西部人居环境学刊》
CSCD
2021年第1期35-43,共9页
Journal of Human Settlements in West China
关键词
建筑学语言
乡土再造
共同缔造
再造共同体
底层集体思维
Architecture Language
Vernacular Reconstruction
Joint Creation
Reconstruction Community
Deep Collective Consciousness
