摘要
【目的】探究海南长臂猿与夜宿生境的关系,了解其对夜宿生境的选择和利用,为海南长臂猿的保护与栖息地管理提供科学依据。【方法】于2019年7−9月,在海南热带雨林国家公园原霸王岭国家级自然保护区片区,以海南长臂猿4个家庭群为研究对象,研究其对夜宿树及夜宿地的选择。利用样方调查法共调查了74个夜宿地样方和515棵夜宿树,确定了夜宿树种类及其生态因子特征。利用两独立样本Mann-White U检验和逐步判别分析确定影响海南长臂猿夜宿树选择的关键因子。通过选择指数和选择系数分析海南长臂猿对夜宿地生态因子的选择偏好。【结果】本次研究发现海南长臂猿夜宿树种类有83种,隶属于38科62属,均是乔木。夜宿树中数量最多的树种是公孙锥和杏叶柯,数量最多的科是壳斗科,有3属分别是锥属、青冈属和柯属。与非夜宿树相比,海南长臂猿偏好选择胸径更大,高度更高,冠幅更大,枝下高更高的乔木夜宿。在影响海南长臂猿夜宿树选择的生态因子中按照贡献值的大小依次为乔木胸径、乔木冠幅、乔木高度、乔木枝下高。海南长臂猿对夜宿地的选择上,其喜欢在海拔800~1000 m区域、坡度15°~30°之间、半阴半阳坡、山坡夜宿。海南长臂猿喜欢夜宿在山地雨林、乔木密度667~1000株/hm2、乔木胸径20~30 cm、乔木高度15~20 m、乔木枝下高5~15 m、藤本密度≤56株/hm^(2)、藤本胸径5~10 cm、郁闭度50%~75%的生境。海南长臂猿喜欢夜宿在距道路距离2~4 km、距居民点距离≤10 km、距离水源≤500 m范围内的生境。【结论】因此可以看出海南长臂猿对夜宿树和夜宿地都有一定的选择偏好。其对夜宿生境的选择是多种生态因子综合影响的,对于生态因子的选择可能和环境的稳定、舒适、食物的可获得性、减少捕食风险和体温调节有关。
[Objective]This paper aims to explore the relationship between Hainan gibbons and night lodging habitat,understand their selection and utilization of night lodging habitats,and provide a scientific basis for the conservation and habitat management of Hainan gibbons.[Method]From July to September 2019,in the area of Bawangling National Nature Reserve in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park of southern China,four family groups of Hainan gibbons were taken as the research objects to study their selection of sleeping trees and sites.A total of 74 sleeping sample plots and 515 night lodging trees were investigated using the method of quadrat survey,and the species and ecological factors of sleeping trees were determined.Two independent samples were used for Mann-White U test and stepwise discriminant analysis to determine the key factors influencing the selection of sleeping trees used by Hainan gibbons.The selection indexes and selection coefficients were used to analyze the preference of Hainan gibbons for ecological factors of night lodging habitats.[Result]This study found that there were 83 night lodging tree species used by Hainan gibbons,belonging to 62 genera and 38 families,all of which were arbors.The largest number of night lodging tree species were Castanopsis tonkinensis and Lithocarpus amygdalifolius.The largest number of families was Fagaceae,and the largest number of genera were Castanopsis,Cyclobalanopsis and Lithocarpus.Compared with non-night lodging trees,Hainan gibbons preferred to choose night lodging trees with a larger DBH,higher tree height,larger crown width and higher height under branch.According to the contribution value,the ecological factors affecting the selection of night lodging trees used by Hainan gibbons were ranked in the order of arbor DBH,arbor crown width,arbor height and arbor height under branch.In the selection of night lodging habitats by Hainan gibbons,they preferred to sleep in the areas with an altitude of 800−1000 m,a slope of 15°−30°,a semi-sunny and semi-sha
作者
唐玮璐
金崑
Tang Weilu;Jin Kun(Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Research Institute of Natural Protected Area,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)
出处
《北京林业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第2期113-126,共14页
Journal of Beijing Forestry University
基金
国家林草局野生动物保护管理项目(21302112019-4017)
中国林业科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2019ZB010)。
关键词
海南热带雨林国家公园
海南长臂猿
夜宿生境选择
夜宿树
生态因子
Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park
Hainan gibbon
night lodging habitat selection
night lodging tree
ecological factor
