摘要
以技术史视角及复合生态系统历史观来研究宋代东南地区水利工程中石工技术的使用与进步。首先,宋代水利工程材料上的变革之一为石料逐渐代替木料土料,石工建筑物越来越多地成为水利工程的关键构件。再者,人们在水利工程建设中搭配使用石工技术与木工技术。在建设堰坝地基时,人们会选择木工技术处理软土地基问题,也会选择石工技术;技术的选择不仅受到自然条件的制约,也受到社会经济条件的限制。然后,石灰胶泥的普遍使用体现了石工胶结技术的进步。最后,水利工程对石料的巨大需求,促进了石方开采技术的成熟,也吸引了大量的劳动力从事采石活动,而采石业为水利工程提供了充足的石料。
This paper studies the use and progress of masonry technology of water conservancy projects in Southeast China in Song Dynasty from the perspective of technology history and the historical perspective of compound ecosystem.First of all,one of the changes in water conservancy projects’materials in Song Dynasty was that stone gradually replaced wood and earth,and stone structures became more and more the key components of water conservancy projects.Second,people used masonry technology and woodworking technology together.When constructing the foundation of a dam,people chose woodworking technology to deal with soft soil,and sometimes they chose masonry technology;the choice of technology was not only restricted by natural conditions,but also by socio-economic conditions as well.Third,the widespread use of lime mortar reflected the process of masonry technology.Finally,the huge demand for stone materials in water conservancy projects promoted people to improve the stone mining technology,and it also attracted a large number of laborers to engage in quarrying activities.What’s more,the quarrying industry provided sufficient stones for water conservancy projects.
作者
谢智飞
Xie Zhifei(Institute for the History of Nature Science,CAS,Beijing 100190,China;School of Humanities,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“中国古代日用类书中的农业史料整理与研究”(19CZS076)。
关键词
宋代
东南地区
水利工程
石工技术
木工技术
Song Dynasty
southeastern China
water conservancy projects
masonry technology
woodworking technology
