摘要
尽管地理标志与商标均是在市场中使用的商业标识,但是地理标志强调产品特征与其来源地在自然、人文因素或声誉上的联系,而商标法对此不予以保护。欧盟以专门立法模式强化地理标志的保护,从制止不正当竞争及避免误导消费者的双重视角处理在先地理标志与商标之间的关系。当地理标志与在先商标存在冲突时,欧盟除了遵循“时间在先,权利在先”基本原则外,综合考虑在先商标的声誉和知名度,以及已经使用的时间等因素,以不使消费者混淆为前提,允许地理标志与合法有效的在先商标有限共存,TRIPS协议规定的商标权例外之描述性合理使用为共存方案提供了正当性基础。欧盟正在通过签订双边贸易协定的策略将其内部地理标志与商标冲突处理规范融入国际贸易法领域。欧盟相关经验为我国解决地理标志与商标冲突关系在立法模式的选择、具体规则的细化和符合国际贸易协定要求方面有一定的借鉴意义。
Geographical indications(GIs)focus on the link between a product and its region of origin in natural or human factors or reputation,which is beyond the scope of trademark law,although both GIs and trademarks are business marks used in the market.EU strengthens protection for GIs under a sui generis framework,dealing with the conflict between a prior GI and a later trademarks from the dual perspectives of anti-unfair competition and avoidance of misleading consumers.If a GI conflicts with a prior trademark,EU will conform to the principal“first in time,first in right”and will jointly consider the trademark’s reputation and renown,as well as the length of time it has been used so that GIs and legitimately valid trademarks may conditionally coexist without the likelihood of confusion.Subject to the limited exception for fair use of descriptive terms under TRIPS,such a coexistence is justified.EU is,Moreover,attempting to incorporate portions of domestic regulatory disciplines on the relationship between GIs and trademarks in the field of international trade law.To resolve their conflict,China can draw on the experience of EU for reference in reforming GI protection system,supplementing rules in details and fitting the requirements of international trade agreements.
出处
《电子知识产权》
2021年第1期37-49,共13页
Electronics Intellectual Property
关键词
欧盟
地理标志
商标
冲突
共存
EU
Geographical Indication
Trademark
Conflict
Coexistence
