摘要
美国虽然倡导自由主义,崇尚个人价值,但爱国主义教育在凝聚多元的美国社会中发挥着重要作用,是其重要的教育传统。21世纪以来,美国越来越重视通过联邦教育立法推动爱国主义教育发展。在相继颁布的《不让一个孩子掉队法案》《美国历史与公民学教育法案2004》《民主教育法案》《每个学生都成功法案》和《加强21世纪职业与技术教育法案》中,力图以弘扬美国精神、提升国家竞争力和维护国家安全的爱国主义要求作为国民教育的目标。这一时期美国的爱国主义教育改革继承了注重国家精神教育的传统,同时,在新的国家发展战略需要之下,丰富爱国主义教育内容,将国家竞争力教育和国家经济安全教育纳入其中。这背后呈现出美国联邦政府引导爱国主义教育发展的新动向:教育理念由民主爱国主义转向忠诚爱国主义;爱国品质的培育从"全球公民"转向"美国公民";推崇包含经济爱国主义在内的更加全面的爱国主义教育。近20年来,美国以国民教育立法的形式强化爱国主义教育,在美国青少年中倡导忠诚爱国主义,宣扬国家主义的爱国主义,强调经济爱国主义,其目的是,使他们认同国家权威,自觉承担维护本国利益优先的公民责任,树立全面的国家利益和国家安全意识,使爱国主义成为团结社会和引领美国"再次伟大"的精神动力。
Although the United States advocates liberalism and upholds personal values,patriotic education plays an important role in the integration of diverse American society and is its long-standing educational tradition.Since the 21^st century,the United States has paid more and more attention to the promotion of patriotic education through federal education legislation,includes"No Child Left Behind Act","U.S.History and Civic Studies Education Act 2004","Democratic Education Act","Every Student Success Act"and"Strengthening 21 st Century Vocational and Technical Education Act".A series of national education acts have presented patriotic requirements that emphasize national spirit,enhance national competitiveness,and safeguard national economic security.During this period,the American patriotism education reform inherited the tradition of focusing on national spiritual education.At the same time,under the needs of the new national development strategy,the content of patriotism education was enriched,and national competitiveness education and national economic security education were included.From the perspective of education legislation,the concept of American patriotic education has changed in the past 20 years.The goal of teaching patriotism has changed from democratic patriotism to loyal patriotism,the teaching emphasis has shifted from focusing on world connections to nationalism,and the teaching of economic patriotism has been expanded.The purpose is to establish a comprehensive national interest and national security awareness among American youths,as well as to make patriotism the spiritual driving force that unites society and"Make America Great Again".
作者
刘梦慈
余玉花
LIU Mengci;YU Yuhua(School of Marxism,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)
出处
《比较教育学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期16-28,共13页
Journal of Comparative Education
基金
国家社科基金重大研究专项“爱国主义保障的法律体系研究”(项目批准号:18VHJ004)。
关键词
爱国主义教育
美国
教育法案
patriotic education
the United States
education acts
