摘要
【目的】调查草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda对广东省广泛种植的22个玉米品种果穗的为害情况。【方法】采用"Z"字形五点取样法调查玉米果穗被害情况。记录每株玉米上部和下部果穗被害情况,包括玉米果穗中的1~3龄、4~6龄幼虫、活虫和蛹的数量,以及玉米果穗上被幼虫钻蛀的位置。【结果】草地贪夜蛾在不同品种玉米上的为害均较为严重,所有品种的植株被害率均大于25%,但不同品种的被害程度存在明显差异。甜玉米受害最严重,其中,‘粤甜16号’的被害率高达99.67%。除‘粤农19号’、‘广彩糯19号’外,其他品种的玉米上、下部果穗的被害情况差异不显著(P>0.05)。绝大部分玉米果穗中存在草地贪夜蛾幼虫,含有1~2头幼虫的果穗比例为26%~85%,含有3头幼虫的果穗比例仅为2%~17%,未在同一果穗内发现3头以上的幼虫。除‘广糯9号’和‘广糯2005’外,其他品种的玉米中发现的4~6龄幼虫数量均要多于1~3龄幼虫。38%~71%草地贪夜蛾幼虫都是从玉米丝钻入玉米果穗内为害并在果穗内化蛹,平均每百株果穗的蛹为9~32个。【结论】草地贪夜蛾偏爱取食甜玉米和糯玉米并在其果穗内化蛹,对饲料玉米的为害较轻。1~3龄和4~6龄幼虫在玉米乳熟期的取食行为相同,都喜爱从玉米丝钻入果穗内为害。研究结果可为选育玉米抗性品种和草地贪夜蛾的精准防控提供参考。
【Objective】To investigate the damage of Spodoptera frugiperda to ears of 22 maize cultivars widely planted in Guangdong Province.【Method】The damage of corn ear was investigated by "Z" shaped five-point sampling method. The damage of the upper and lower corn ears of each plant, including the numbers of 1 st to 3 rd instar larvae, 4 th to 6 th instar larvae, live insects, live pupae and the damage position drilled by larvae were recorded.【Result】Twenty-two maize cultivars were all damaged seriously by S. frugiperda and the ratios of damaged plants were higher than 25% for all cultivars, while there were significant differences in damage degree among different cultivars. The sweet corns suffered the most serious damage compared to other cultivars, especially the ratio of damaged plants of ‘Yuetian 16’ was up to 99.67%. There was no significant difference in damage between the upper and lower corn ears for each cultivar except ‘Yuenong 19’ and‘Guangcainuo 19’. Majority of corn ears had S. frugiperda larvae and the ratio of corn ear containing 1 and 2 larvae was 26%-85%, the ratio of corn ear containing 3 larvae was 2%-17%, while no corn ear was found to have more than 3 larvae. The number of 4 th to 6 th instar larvae was higher than that of 1 st to 3 rd instar larvae for each cultivar except ‘Guangnuo 9’ and ‘Guangnuo 2005’. Ranging from 38% to 71% S. frugiperda larvae entered into corn ear from corn silk and pupated, and the average number of pupae per 100 plants were 9-32.【Conclusion】S. frugiperda prefer to eat sweet corn and waxy corn and pupate in their ears, while the damage to feed corn is relatively light. The 1 st-3 rd and 4 th-6 th instar larvae of S. frugiperda have the same feeding behavior during the milky stage of corn and they prefer to enter into corn ear from corn silk and damage corn.The results can provide references for breeding resistant corn cultivars and precise control of S. frugiperda.
作者
李贤嘉
吴吉英子
戴修纯
王勇庆
王瑞飞
张志祥
徐汉虹
LI Xianjia;WU Jiyingzi;DAI Xiuchun;WANG Yongqing;WANG Ruifei;ZHANG Zhixiang;XU Hanhong(College of Agriculture/Key Laboratory ofNatural Pesticides and Chemical Biology,Ministry of Education,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou,510308,China)
出处
《华南农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第2期71-79,共9页
Journal of South China Agricultural University
基金
广东省重点领域研发计划(2020B020224002,2019B020217003)。
关键词
草地贪夜蛾
玉米品种
果穗
取食行为
Spodoptera frugiperda
corn cultivar
ear
feeding behavior
