摘要
珠三角地区设施蔬菜生产过程中化肥投入量高,蔬菜利用率低,氮磷淋溶损失严重,威胁水体环境。通过田间试验,主要采用淋溶盘法(埋深50 cm)收集淋溶水样并分析相关指标,探讨不同品种玉米(Zea mays L.,粤甜26、粤甜13与粤鲜糯6)填闲所获得产量,及其对珠三角设施菜地夏季揭棚期氮磷吸收与淋失的阻控效果与对下茬作物(芥菜,Brassica juncea L.)产量与品质等的影响。结果表明,设施菜地休闲期种植短生育期玉米,可以收获果穗2779—4439 kg·hm−2,鲜秸秆7.2—11.7 t·hm−2;填闲玉米种植可有效降低设施菜地土壤淋溶液硝态氮,铵态氮与总磷浓度,对三者淋溶总损失的阻控效率依次为54.4%—76.5%,20.4%—29.6%与31.0%—64.7%,其中粤甜26拦截效果最好;填闲玉米种植没有过度消耗耕层(0—20 cm)土壤养分,对下茬芥菜产量无显著影响,但可显著降低芥菜亚硝酸盐的含量(粤甜26填闲处理收获的后茬芥菜比休闲处理降低61.3%),并提高芥菜可溶性糖含量。因此,珠三角设施菜地夏季休闲期种植玉米不仅可以有效拦截氮磷的淋溶损失,而且具有改善下茬芥菜品质的潜力,能够取得较好的环境与经济效益。但是,在推广应用之前,建议做最适合品种的筛选工作。
High input of chemical fertilizers in Pearl River Delta region results in a lower nutrient use efficiency and massive nutrient loss by leaching.A field experiment employing the leachate collection systems(at 50 cm depth)was conducted,to evaluate the growth of maize(Zea mays L.)and its potential as a catch crop preventing soil nitrogen and phosphorus leaching,as well as the yield and selected qualities of the subsequent leafy mustard(Brassica juncea L.)crop.The results showed that there were approximate 2779–4439 kg·hm−2 maize grain yield and 7.2–11.7 t·hm−2 straw for three tested maize(Yuetian 26,Yuetian 13,and Yuexiannuo 6).The straw can also serve as a green feed for livestock,bringing local famers additional economic benefits.The maize crop that operated as a“catch plant”effectively reduced the leaching losses of nitrate and total P by 54.4%–76.5%,20.4%–29.6%and 31.0%–64.7%,respectively.Of all cultivars,Yuetian 26 was deemed as most efficient in retaining nutrients.Availability of soil nutrients and the production of a subsequent leafy mustard crop were not influenced by maize plantation in the previous season.Interestingly,catch crop reduced the nitrite content of leafy mustard,especially after Yuetian 26,with 61.3%lower nitrite content compared with fallow treatment.Also,the soluble sugar content was enhanced following plantation of the catch crops.In conclusion,it is recommended that the maize plants are used as catch species during the summer fallow period in the plastic-shed greenhouse-based vegetable production systems at the Pearl River Delta region in China.Their use mitigate nitrogen and phosphorus leaching losses,improve selected qualities of subsequently planted vegetables and,therefore,come with considerable environmental and economic benefits.However,it is suggested that the appropriate variety should be selected.
作者
萧洪东
雷孝
涂金智
许家豪
孙海军
喻敏
施卫明
XIAO Hongdong;LEI Xiao;TU Jinzhi;XU Jiahao;SUN Haijun;YU Min;SHI Weiming(College of Food science and Engineering,Foshan University,Foshan 528000,China;Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210008,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第11期2199-2205,共7页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0800404)。
关键词
填闲作物
面源污染
设施菜地
珠三角
亚硝酸盐
catch crop
non-point source pollution
greenhouse vegetable soil
Pearl River Delta Region
nitrite content
