摘要
随着人工智能技术呈指数级增长以及向各行业渗透程度不断加深,我国经济社会的智能化应用水平得到快速提升,智能机器与劳动力形成更加复杂的、非线性的关系,导致劳动力市场出现技术性失业、人机工作时间占比变化、智能收入鸿沟、劳动形态重塑等问题,使得劳动力市场结构性矛盾更加凸显,需要通过政策引导,提高劳动力市场的韧性。本文通过数据调查分析人工智能对就业的冲击,发现了人工智能在就业结构、工资报酬和就业能力方面的“异质性”影响效应,提出包括提高就业张力的区域经济高质量增长、就业优先的垂直水平双元产业发展、高效及时的教育与培训体系重塑、关键领域人才缺口弥补、培育与技术共生的适配性关系、鼓励智能化新业态非标准化工作、劳动与基本社会保障脱离的劳动保障政策等体系化的协同政策,以增加劳动力市场的韧性和就业张力,应对智能化转型升级给劳动力市场带来的新挑战.
With the exponential growth of artificial intelligence technology and the penetration into various industries,its application has been rapidly promoted in the economy and society in China.Intelligent machines and labor force form a more complex,nonlinear relationship.It leads to technical unemployment in the labor market,changes in the proportion of man-machine working hours,intelligent income gap,and reshaping of labor patterns.Therefore,the structural contradictions in the labor market are more prominent,and it is necessary to improve the resilience of the labor market through policy guidance.This paper uses survey data to analyze the impact of artificial intelligence on employment,and finds out the"heterogeneous"impact of artificial intelligence on employment structure,salary and employability.It puts forward some policy suggestions,including high quality growth of regional economy with employment elasticity being raised,dual vertical industry development with employment being the priority,reshaping of education and training system in an efficient and timely way,filling the gap in key areas that lack talents,talents cultivated compatible to new technology,formulating coordinated and consistent labor policies concerning the new form of intelligent industry with non-standardized work not linked to basic social security system,so as to increase the labor market resilience and employment elasticity and address new challenges in the labor market brought about by the intelligent transformation and upgrading.
作者
何勤
邱玥
HE Qin;QIU Yue(School of Labor Economics,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing,100070;School of Management,Beijing Union University,Beijing,100101)
出处
《中国劳动》
2020年第5期51-71,共21页
China Labor
基金
国家社科基金重点课题《人工智能对劳动力市场的冲击及劳动者知识技能转换应对研究》,项目编号:19AGL025.
关键词
人工智能
就业冲击
弹性劳动力市场政策
artificial intelligence
employment shock
flexible labor market policies
