摘要
阐述了煤炭在世界一次能源中的地位,指出我国是世界煤炭生产和消费增加的主要来源。分析得出:国外产煤国家的煤炭生产主要以露天煤矿为主、井工煤矿退出趋势明显,国外产煤国家和我国都加大了煤矿区环境治理的力度。通过对近30年来世界主要产煤国家煤矿安全生产总体形势进行的深入分析,认为在煤矿安全生产水平方面可分为4个梯队:第1梯队为澳大利亚、加拿大、英国、德国,第2梯队为美国、南非,第3梯队为俄罗斯、印度、波兰和中国,第4梯队为乌克兰、土耳其、哈萨克斯坦、哥伦比亚等国家;虽然我国以井工开采为主,但煤矿安全生产已达世界较高水平,在煤矿重特大事故发生频率方面已接近国外平均水平,并且我国露天煤矿安全生产已达世界先进水平。对国外主要采煤国煤炭科学技术进步情况进行了总体分析和深入研究,认为美国、澳大利亚、德国煤炭科学技术位居世界领先水平,智能化开采成为煤炭科学技术发展的新趋势,我国煤炭开采技术经历“跟跑”“并跑”后,正在跨入“领跑”阶段。通过对煤炭消费及其在一次能源消费中的占比的分析研究,得出世界主要煤炭生产和消费国可分为3类:欧美国家属于“双下降”的第1类、亚太一些国家属于“双上升”的第2类、澳大利亚等为消费量上升占比下降的第3类国家,我国属于第3类。
The status of coal in primary energy in the world was expounded,and it was pointed out that China was the main source of increasing coal production and consumption in the world.The analysis showed that the coal production of foreign coal producing countries was mainly from open-pit mines,and the exit trend of underground coal mines was obvious.Both foreign coal producing countries and China had increased the efforts of environmental governance in coal mining areas.Through the in-depth analysis of the overall situation of coal mine safety production in the world's major coal producing countries in the past 30 years,it was considered that the level of coal mine safety production could be divided into four echelons:the first echelon included Australia,Canada,Britain and Germany,the second echelon included the United States and South Africa,the third echelon included Russia,India,Poland and China,and the fourth echelon included Ukraine,Turkey and Kazakhstan.Although China's coal mine was mainly underground mining,the safety production of coal mines had reached a higher level in the world,and the frequency of major industrial accidents in coal mines had approached the average level of foreign countries,and the safety production of open-pit coal mines in China had reached the advanced level in the world.Based on the overall analysis and in-depth study on the progress of coal science and technology in major foreign coal mining countries,it was thought that the coal science and technology in the United States,Australia and Germany were at the leading level in the world,and intelligent mining had become a new trend in the development of coal science and technology.After"following"and"running together",China's coal mining technology was stepping into the"leading"stage.Through the analysis of coal consumption and the proportion of coal in primary energy consumption,it was concluded that the world's coal producing countries could be divided into three categories:European and American countries belonged to the first category
作者
贺佑国
刘文革
李艳强
HE Youguo;LIU Wenge;LI Yanqiang(China Coal Information Institute, Ministry of Emergency Management, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China)
出处
《中国煤炭》
2021年第1期126-135,共10页
China Coal
关键词
国外主要产煤国
煤炭生产
煤炭消费
安全生产
煤炭科学技术
the major coal producing countries abroad
coal production
coal consumption
production safety
scientific progress
