摘要
目的构建男子越野滑雪运动员选材指标体系,研制选材标准的评价模型。方法问卷调查、专家访谈、实验测试、数理统计等。结果(1)构建了11~12岁、13~14岁、15~16岁、17~18岁四个年龄组的男子越野滑雪运动员选材指标体系,其中4项身体形态指标包括下肢长B/身高、体脂百分比、年龄-骨龄、指间距-身高;2项身体机能指标为最大摄氧量相对值、血红蛋白;5项运动心理指标包括反应时、速度知觉、意志品质量表、注意力测试、操作思维;10项运动素质指标包括上肢爆发力、纵跳、3000 m跑、立位体前屈、闭眼单脚站立、立定跳远、20 m冲刺、引体向上、六边形跳、功能动作筛查(FMS);3项专项成绩指标包括雪上计时1.2 km、5 km、10 km。(2)选材评价模型集成于Web端自动化评估软件,基于越野滑雪运动员选材指标体系与评价标准表,通过百分位数法建立的“P60入围”与“P90精英”两条临界线,评价模型回代检验结果客观有效。结论我国男子越野滑雪运动员选材指标体系涵盖4个年龄组,包括5项一级指标、15项二级指标、24项三级指标,并依据不同指标权重研制评价模型,为创新越野滑雪项目的精英运动员选拔方法提供理论依据。
The objective of this study is to construct a talent identification index system and evaluation model for male cross-country skiers based on surveys,expert interviews,trials,and statistical analysis.A talent identification index system for male cross-country skiers in four age groups(11-12 years old,13-14 years old,15-16 years old,and 17-18 years old)was established,comprising four body shape indexes:lower limb length/body height,body fat percentage,age-bone age,and arm span–height.Two physiological function indexes were VO2max and hemoglobin.Five psychological indexes covered reaction time,perception speed,a quality-of-will scale,an attention test,and operational thinking.Ten physical fitness indexes comprised upper limb explosiveness,vertical jump,3000-meters run,orthostatic forward flexion,closed-eyes single-leg stand,standing long jump,20-meters sprint,pull-ups,hexagon jump,and a functional movement screen(FMS)test.Three athletic performance indexes comprised on-snow time trials for 1.2 km,5 km,and 10 km.The talent identification evaluation model was created using automated evaluation software by web.The talent identification index system and evaluation standard table for cross-country skiers passed the P60 shortlist and P90 elite boundaries established using the percentile method.Therefore,the results of this test profile verified that the evaluative model was objectively effective.It could be concluded that the index system covered 4 age groups,consisting 5 first-level indexes,15 second-level indexes and 24 third-level indexes.The talent identification evaluation model was researched by different weight coefficient,which would provide a theoretical basis for the talent identification of elite athletes and help invigorate the cross-country skiing scene.
作者
黄玺章
赵可伟
陈超
刘江山
王钢
HUANG Xizhang;ZHAO Kewei;CHEN Chao(Heilongjiang Research Inst. of Sports Science, Harbin150008, China;China Inst. of Sports Science, Beijing 100061, China;School of P.E. and Sport Training, Shanghai Univ. of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China)
出处
《武汉体育学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期87-94,共8页
Journal of Wuhan Sports University
基金
冬季运动管理中心国家队科技服务采购项目(CSYB2016/08)
黑龙江省属科研院所基本科研业务项目(HTK201801)
江苏省社会科学基金项目(20TYD001)。
关键词
越野滑雪
男子运动员
选材指标
评价标准
评价模型
cross-country skiing
male skiers
talent identification index
evaluation standard
evaluation model
