摘要
在黄淮海夏玉米生产区,不同控释氮肥和尿素的配比下,研究不同氮效率玉米品种的产量及其花前花后干物质和氮素累积分配规律,以及相应的氮素利用效率与经济效益,为该区域夏玉米氮肥高效施用提供理论与技术依据。试验采用裂区设计,周期为两年,以施氮处理为主区,设置0、180、300 kg·hm-23个施氮水平,并在180 kg·hm-2水平上设置全尿素处理(U)、控释尿素处理(C),控释尿素与尿素按1∶2(C1)与2∶1(C2)配施,共6个施肥处理,分别为N0、N180U、N180C、N180C1、N180C2、N300U;品种为副区,分别为氮低效品种豫禾988(YH988)和氮高效品种郑单958(ZD958)。结果表明,在黄淮海砂质潮土条件下,氮低效品种YH988和氮高效品种ZD958均在180 kg·hm-2施氮水平下实现了最高的产量水平,其中YH988和ZD958最佳的氮肥比例分别为控释氮∶尿素氮=1∶2和2∶1,即N180C1和N180C2。YH988和ZD958分别在N180C1和N180C2处理下花后干物质和氮素累积比例较高。同时,YH988和ZD958在N180C1和N180C2处理下分别实现了氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率、氮肥当季利用率和经济效益的最高。综上,在黄淮海潮土区夏玉米生产体系中,不同氮效率品种YH988和ZD958分别在180 kg·hm-2施氮量,控施氮∶尿素氮=1∶2和2∶1的条件下,实现了高产及较高的花后干物质和氮素累积,促进了其产量和氮素利用效率的协同提高。
The overall aim of this research was to provide a theoretical foundation for matching nitrogen fertilizer types to maize varieties to improve the production of summer maize on the Huang Huai Hai Plain.Various combinations of nitrogen and controlled-release nitrogen(CRU)were applied to different varieties of summer maize,and the yield,nitrogen uptake pre-and post-silking,nitrogen-use efficiency,and economic benefits were determined.A 2-year field experiment with a split-spot randomized block design was conducted with nitrogen as the main plot and maize variety as the subplot.Nitrogen was applied at three levels:0,180,and 300 kg·ha-1,and at two ratios of CRU-urea(1∶2 and 2∶1-N from CRU∶N from urea),as well as a CRU-only treatment at the 180 kg·ha-1 level and a urea-only treatment at the 300 kg·ha-1 level.Thus,there were six treatments,as follows:N0(CK,no nitrogen fertilizer),N180U(urea only),N180C1(urea-N∶CRU-N=1∶2),N180C2(urea-N∶CRU-N=2∶1),N180C(CRU only),and N300U(urea only).The two maize varieties were YH988(low nitrogen-use efficiency)and ZD958(high nitrogen-use efficiency).The results indicated that the one-off application of a mixture of CRU and urea at 180 kg N·ha-1 before sowing was able to satisfy the nitrogen demands of the summer maize system with the varieties YH988 and ZD958 on the Huang Huai Hai Plain.The highest yields of YH988 and ZD958 were in the N180C1 treatment and the N180C2 treatment,respectively(a one-off application of a mixture of CRU and urea at 1∶2 and 2∶1 at 180 kg·ha-1,respectively).The biomass increase and nitrogen uptake after the post-silking stage were higher in N180C1(for YH988)and N180C2(for ZD958)than in the other treatments.The cultivars YH988 and ZD958 showed the highest nitrogen partial productivity,nitrogen agronomic efficiency,nitrogen-use efficiency,and economic benefits in the N180C1 and N180C2 treatments,respectively.In summary,YH988 and ZD958 showed the highest yield,above-ground dry matter accumulation,and nitrogen accumulation after the post-silk
作者
郭家萌
何灵芝
闫东良
李卓
王泳超
邵瑞鑫
杨青华
GUO Jia-meng;HE Ling-zhi;YAN Dong-liang;LI Zhuo;WANG Yong-chao;SHAO Rui-xin;YANG Qing-hua(College of Agriculture,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)
出处
《草业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期81-95,共15页
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划重点专项(2018YFD0200601)
国家重点研发计划重点专项(2018YFD0300704)资助。
关键词
夏玉米
控释氮肥和尿素配比
氮素转移
氮素利用效率
summer maize
mixture of controlled release nitrogen and urea
nitrogen transfer
nitrogen use efficiency
