摘要
句法连动句是小句中心层面联结的多动词结构体,理论上连动项可各自带“了”,但实际上由于连动项之间具有一定的并立性,而“了”具有给事件划界的作用,各自带“了”会使得连动项表达的事件独立性增强,不易整合成宏观整体事件,所以连动句一般不能出现两个“了”。比如,“序列动作”类连动句(“打开门走了进去”),连动项之间只有时间上的不对称性,并立性比较强,它们如果带上两个“了”,就成了序列事件句。但有些情况,两个连动项之间能体现较强非并立性,比如前项表示背景,后项表示前景,前项表示后项动作行为的某种抽象或具体的方式,前项对后项有相当程度的修饰性;或整个结构是兼语式时,前项V1是操控动词,对V 2主语论元的控制度比较强,前项对后项有一定的支配性;或前项为后项引入一个论元,同时从某个角度对后项具有一定程度的修饰性时。这种非并立性使得即便两个独立性较强的事件也能整合成宏观整体事件,此时连动句就可以出现两个“了”。这一点也解释了连动句不能带多个“了”,前一带“了”动词一般带宾语等形式特征。双“了”连动句的考察,让我们更好地理解连动项之间既有一定的并立性又有一定的非并立性的语义关系和连动式表达一个宏观整体事件的属性。
Syntactic serial verb constructions(henceforth SSVC)are formed by two or more verbs strung together in a single clause.In theory,each component of SSVC can be marked by le,but in fact,because le has the effect of bounding events,there can't be double le in serial verb constructions expressing“sequence actions”(e.g.dakai men zou le jinqu‘open the door and walked in’).But in some cases,if one of the two serial verb components represents the background,and the other component represents the foreground,double le can be used in the serial verb construction.Various semantic relations between the verb components of the serial verb construction are discussed in this paper.It is shown that the multiple occurrences of le in serial verb constructions are constrained by these semantic relations.It is also shown that there can't be more than two le's in serial verb constructions.
作者
刘街生
LIU Jiesheng(Department of Chinese,Sun Yat-sen University,135 Xingangxilu,Haizhu District,Guangzhou City,Guangdong Province 510275)
出处
《当代语言学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期552-566,共15页
Contemporary Linguistics
