摘要
随着企业数字化转型和机器学习算法的完善,人工智能(AI)在人力资源管理中的应用逐渐兴起。本文回顾了AI对人力资源管理及其从业者影响的相关文献,利用2018年中国HR从业者调查数据,实证检验了AI应用对HR从业者就业质量的影响。研究表明:企业在人力资源管理中使用AI技术,能够提高HR从业者的就业质量,并且在新经济行业中影响效应更大;招聘甄选和培训开发类的AI应用对新经济和传统行业中HR从业者的就业质量均有显著正向影响,但员工服务类的AI应用仅在新经济行业中作用显著;AI应用对HR从业者就业质量的各维度均有显著影响,能够提高收入水平、降低工作时间,并且促进职业发展和工作满意度提升;AI应用在不同组织情境下的影响效果存在异质性,对于设立共享服务中心、使用人力资源管理系统和有明确职业发展通道的企业,其正向效应更为明显;企业引入AI技术之后,能够通过增加HR从业者的综合能力、工作挑战性以及促进组织绩效等渠道,对就业质量产生间接影响。本文建议,为适应这种数字化、智能化的发展潮流,无论是组织管理者还是HR从业者个人都应当正确面对、积极适应转型,在变革的情境中打造核心竞争优势。企业要结合发展阶段和行业特点,加强数据积累,构建智能决策系统;HR从业者要形成终身学习的观念,优化知识结构,掌握智能化技术和转变管理新思维。
With the in-depth advancement of enterprise digital transformation and the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)commercial applications,AI applications in the field of human resource management(HRM)have gradually emerged.As the main body of enterprise HRM,the career development and value realization of HR practitioners are very important.Job quality is an indicator to reflect the overall performance of HR practitioners in the internal labor market.The impact of AI applications on HR practitioners may have both positive and negative effects:on the one hand,it has a substitution effect on some standardized and procedural traditional personnel management task,which may have an adverse impact on some HR practitioners and reduce their job quality;on the other hand,the AI technology will save management costs and improve the work efficiency of HR practitioners,so that they can be liberated from the daily trivial affairs,have more time and energy to focus on enterprise development and strategic management,which will promote the job quality.So,what impact will AI applications on the job quality of HR practitioners?Is there any difference in the influence of HR practitioners in different industries and organizations?How does AI affect the job quality of HR practitioners?This paper will discuss these issues.The marginal contributions of this paper may lie in:First,unlike the existing studies,which analyze the impact of AI from a macro perspective,this paper focuses on AI applications in specific fields,constructs a multi-dimensional job quality index,and explores the impact of AI on the job quality of HR practitioners from a micro perspective.Second,different from most literatures that discuss the impact of AI on HRM from a qualitative perspective,this article uses the 2018 survey data of HR practitioners in China to quantitatively analyze the impact of AI applications on the job quality of HR practitioners,and use a variety of econometric methods to test the robustness of the conclusions.Third,considering that
作者
毛宇飞
胡文馨
MAO Yu-fei;HU Wen-xin(School of Labor Economic,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing,100070,China;School of Economics and Management,Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology,Beijing,102617,China)
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第11期92-108,共17页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2020年度教育学一般课题“我国青年技能型人才工匠精神的测度、劳动力市场回报与培养体系研究”(BFA200062)。
关键词
人工智能
就业质量
人力资源管理
HR从业者
职业发展
artificial intelligence
job quality
human resource management
human resource practitioners
career development
