摘要
为解决杂草严重危害烤烟生产以及人工除草效率低的问题,对湘西州烤烟田间杂草群落进行调查,选择二甲戊灵、砜嘧磺隆、精喹禾灵3种除草剂进行杂草防控试验。结果表明,烤烟旱地杂草以艾蒿、鳢肠、苍耳、双模叶蓼、心叶黄花稔、光头稗、千金子等7种为优势种群,是主要防除对象。烟苗移栽前使用33%二甲戊灵EC1500~3000 mL/hm2,对一年生单、双子叶杂草具有较好的防除效果,但对多年生杂草防效不理想,且对烤烟幼苗有药害并抑制其生长发育,作为芽前除草剂在烤烟生产上应谨慎施用。在烤烟揭膜后定向喷施25%砜嘧磺隆52.5 g/hm2于垄面垄沟,一次施用,能有效防除除香附子外的单、双子叶杂草,且对烤烟的生长发育影响小,可在旱地选择施用。在烤烟揭膜后使用8.8%精喹禾灵525 mL/hm2,对单子叶杂草防效好且持效期长,而对双子叶杂草基本无防效,烤烟生长发育安全,可选择在以禾本科杂草为主的水稻烟田施用。砜嘧磺隆与精喹禾灵混合使用,增效作用不突出。在烟苗移栽后至缓苗期内一旦发现有除草剂危害,通过换苗可缓解或解除药害的影响。
The paper aims to solve the problems of severely influenced flue-cured tobacco production by weeds and low efficient artificial weeding.Based on the investigation of weed community in the field of fluecured tobacco in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture,three herbicides including dimethyl-pentaphenol,sulfonylsulfonyl and jinquaoling were selected for weed control experiments.The results showed that the seven dominant species of upland weeds in flue-cured tobacco were Artemisia lavanduaefolia,Eclipta prostrata,Xanthium sibiricum,Polygonum lapathifolium,Sids alnifolia,Echinchloa colonum and Lepochloa chinensis.Before transplanting tobacco seedlings,the use of 33%dimethoxypene emulsion 1500-3000 mL/hm^2 had a good control effect on annual single and dicotyledon weeds,but the control effect on perennial weeds was not ideal,and it was harmful to tobacco seedlings and inhibited their growth and development.As a pre-bud herbicide,it should be applied carefully in the production of tobacco.After removing the film from flue-cured tobacco,a directional spray of 25%sulsulfuron 52.5 g/hm^2 was applied on ridge furrow.Single application could effectively prevent single and dicotyledon weeds except radix aconitae,and had little effect on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco.After removing the film of flue-cured tobacco,8.8%jingquehaling525 mL/hm^2 was used,which had good control effect on single cotyledon weeds and a long duration of efficacy,while on dicotyledon weeds,the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco was safe.The synergistic effect was not obvious when sulprosulfuron was mixed with quinoxaline.Once herbicide harm is found in the tobacco seedlings after transplanting to the seedling stage,the effects of pesticide damage can be alleviated or removed by changing the seedlings.
作者
向德明
田明慧
张明发
陈前锋
张胜
陈明刚
Xiang Deming;Tian Minghui;Zhang Mingfa;Chen Qianfeng;Zhang Sheng;Chen Minggang(Production Technique Center,Xiangxi Tobacco Company,Jishoou 416000,Hunan,China;Yongshun Branch Company,Xiangxi Tobacco Company,Yongshun 416700,Hunan,China)
出处
《农学学报》
2020年第12期42-48,共7页
Journal of Agriculture
基金
湖南省烟草公司“湖南高端卷烟原料定制化开发”(18-20Aa01)。
关键词
烤烟
除草剂
杂草防效
药害
农艺性状
Flue-cured Tobacco
Herbicides
Weed Control Effect
Hytotoxicity
Agronomic Traits
