摘要
附子入药已有一千多年的历史,该文系统查阅和梳理本草典籍,从附子的名称、产地、采收时间、炮制方法和临床应用的变化特点及演进规律等方面进行了考证。古人对附子的认识是基于其毒性而始,在漫长的实践过程中渐渐积累了药用经验。"附子"自古以四川为道地产区,由于气候变迁及人工种植等因素的影响,附子的采收期经历了从冬季到初夏的跨越。必要的防腐措施对于附子的储存至关重要,唐代的石灰同贮法、宋代的麦曲醋腌法、明代的盐渍法以及近现代发展的胆巴溶液浸泡法均对附子的贮存、运输、流通等环节起到了重要作用。为达到减毒存效目的,附子的炮制方法经历从火制、水制、水火共制、多种辅料共制等阶段的演进,炮制减毒的机制研究也经历了由浅入深的探索过程。附子祛风散寒、温阳救逆的功效被历代医家广泛运用于临床,且常用于危重症的治疗。随着附子炮制辅料质量控制方法及质量评价标准的进一步完善,以及附子的现代药理、毒理、药效及临床等方面的深入研究,附子饮片的安全和质量可望得到切实保障。
As a most important Chinese materia medica, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Fuzi) had been widely used in China for thousands of years. This herbalogical study was systematically performed based on variation characteristics of the naming, habitat, harvesting, processing and properties. The sharp toxicity of Fuzi had been well known since the spring and autumn period in the history, which was much earlier than that its medical properties was understood and applied. Sichuan province was regarded as the geo-authentic region of Fuzi all along, where the best quality goods could be provided for clinic use. The study showed the harvesting time of Fuzi was changing in different periods, and the possible effects were of climate change and artificial planting. The perishable characteris-tics of Fuzi severely limited its storage period;therefore, different kinds of storage methods were effectively used since Tang Dynasty. For thousands of years, Fuzi had been processed with various accessories to reduce toxicity, while simultaneously the study on processing mechanism was on going all the time. Fuzi was widely used in clinical practice to cure Yang depletion syndrome, which was based on its function of enhancing Yang and removing cold. Along with the further study on quality evaluation standard, Fuzi will probably get a much wider range of applications.
作者
董思含
孟江
吴孟华
马志国
曹晖
张英
DONG Si-han;MENG Jiang;WU Meng-hua;MA Zhi-guo;CAO Hui;ZHANG Ying(National Engineering Rsearch Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Lingnan Resources Branch,Research Center for Truditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan(Southern China),College of Pharmacy,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Pharmaceutcal University,Guangzhou 510006,China)
出处
《中国中药杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第22期5567-5575,共9页
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
基金
第六批全国老中医药专家学术经验继承项目(176-2017-XMZC-0166-01)
广东省自然科学基金项目(2020A151501577)
国家药典委员会药品标准制修订研究课题(2020Z003)
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1711503)。
关键词
附子
药用历史
本草考证
Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Fuzi)
medical history
herbalogical study
