摘要
文章对近30年来中国关于近代天主教堂的研究情况进行了梳理与评述。运用社会研究方法和建筑类型学理论,从贵州近代天主教传播历程以及天主教堂修建的概况入手,以贵州现存或有史料可寻的26座近代天主教堂为研究对象,根据教堂的外观是否接近当地民居形式、教堂仪式空间中有无突出的多边形圣坛、造型中有无高耸钟楼,以及钟楼的形制等要素将这些教堂分为五种类型,并对其类型特征进行了分析。最后结合近代贵州文化、经济和技术情况研究了这五种类型的形成原因,即适应当地社会、人文、风俗,同时与经济拮据的历史条件和当地传统的建造技术有关。
This article starts with a review of the research on Catholic churches in the early modern times conducted in the past 30 years. Adopted the method of social research and the theory of architectural typology, the article starts by analysing how Catholicism spread and how Catholic churches were built in Guizhou in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. By taking 26 churches which still exist or whose historical materials can still be found as research objects, the article divides Guizhou’s early modern Catholic churches into five types according to the following four criteria:(1) whether their appearances are close to local folk dwellings;(2) whether there are prominent polygonal shrines in the ritual spaces;(3) whether there are tall bell towers;and(4) what are the shapes and structures of these bell towers. The article then analyses the features of these types. Finally, the article teases out the specific cultural, economic and technical factors that had shaped the five types in early modern Guizhou, stating that the architectural type formation process is related to the adaptation to the local society, culture and customs, economic constraints under historical conditions, as well as the influence of the traditional local construction technology.
作者
周坚
郑力鹏
Zhou Jian;Zheng Lipeng(School of Architecture,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641;Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang 550025)
出处
《建筑遗产》
2020年第3期36-43,共8页
Heritage Architecture
关键词
近代天主教堂
建筑类型
贵州
Catholic church in the early modern times
architectural ty pe
Guizhou Province
