摘要
多环芳烃(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)由具有亲脂性质及较高解吸活化能的两个或多个苯环组成。它们主要有两种组合方式:一种是非稠环型,即苯环与苯环之间各由一个碳原子相连,如联苯、联三苯等;另一种是稠环型,即两个碳原子为两个苯环所共有,如萘、蒽等。由于其稳定的化学结构和较低的生物利用度,它们是环境中的持久性化合物。PAHs可由自然活动(例如陆地植被合成、微生物合成和火山活动)释放到环境中,但是,与自然火灾和人为来源产生的PAHs相比,这些自然活动释放的PAHs极少。其中人为活动(例如军事行动,车辆排放,农业生产,住宅废物燃烧,化石燃料的燃烧,石油行业的泄漏,炭黑、煤焦油沥青和沥青的制造,供热和发电以及发动机内燃物的排放)向环境中释放了更大量的PAHs。由于PAHs的毒性、致突变性和致癌性,科学家致力于通过研究修复机制来开发适当的工艺,以减轻PAHs对环境和人类健康的可能风险。物理、化学、热、生物和植物修复过程(包括焚化、热解吸、射频加热、氧化、离子交换、光解、吸附、电解、化学沉淀、自然衰减、生物刺激、生物强化、根际过滤、植物萃取、植物固定化和植物降解技术)是多环芳烃污染土壤、沉积物和水的主要处理方法,概括来说即为物理法、生物法和化学法。综合大量参考文献可知,实际操作中的PAHs去除工艺多以生物法或物理法为主。然而,这些方法均有一定程度的缺点,例如高投资和维护成本、复杂的操作程序。另外,有些处理方法在实施过程中会释放次级副产物,其中一些甚至是致癌和致突变的化合物,这将会进一步对公共卫生产生不利影响。化学法现在虽然多停留在实验室研究阶段,但与其它工艺相比有独特的优势,比如可应用范围广、对污染物无选择性、污染物可完全矿化等,是一种高效处理PAHs�
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are composed of two or more benzene rings with lipophilic properties and high desorption activation energy.They mainly have two combinations.One is non-fused ring type,that is,benzene ring and the benzene rings are connected by a carbon atom,such as biphenyl,terphenyl,etc.;the other is a fused ring type,that is,two carbon atoms are shared by two benzene rings,such as naphthalene,anthracene,etc.They are persistent compounds in the environment due to their chemically stable structure and low bioavailable fraction.PAHs are released into the environment because of natural activities such as terrestrial vegetation synthesis,microbial synthesis,and volcanic activity.However,PAHs released by these processes are minimal in comparison with those produced from forest fires,grass land fires and anthropogenic sources.Anthropogenic activities(such as military operations,vehicular emissions,agricultural production,residential waste burning,combustion of fossil fuels,leakage from the petroleum industry,manufacturing of carbon black,coal tar pitch and asphalt,heating and power generation,and emissions from internal combustion engines)release a significant amount of PAHs into the environment.Due to the toxic,mutagenic,and carcinogenic natures of PAHs,developing appropriate removal process through understanding remediation mechanisms have been researched to mitigate the possible risk of PAHs on the environment and human health.Physical,chemical,thermal,biological and phytoremediation processes(which comprise incineration,thermal desorption,radio frequency heating,oxidation,ion exchange,photolysis,adsorption,electrolysis,chemical precipitation,natural attenuation,biostimulation,bioaugmentation,rhizofiltration,phytoextraction,plant immobilization and phytodegradation techniques)are the major treatment methods of PAHs contaminated soil,sediment and waters.In general,it is the physical,biological,and chemical processes.It can be known that the PAHs removal process in practice is mostly biological
作者
王德军
李慧
姜锡仁
赵朝成
赵玉慧
邓春梅
王鑫平
WANG Dejun;LI Hui;JIANG Xiren;ZHAO Chaocheng;ZHAO Yuhui;DENG Chunmei;WANG Xinping(North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center,State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao 266033,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment&Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Qingdao 266033,China;College of Chemical Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266580,China;Qingdao Technical College,Qingdao 266555,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第S02期507-512,共6页
Materials Reports
基金
青岛市博士后应用研究项目。
关键词
高级氧化技术
多环芳烃(PAHs)
水处理
降解
反应机理
advanced oxidation technology
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)
water treatment
degradation
reaction mechanism
