摘要
稻烟轮作系统中除草剂不规范使用往往导致后茬烟草产生药害,为了识别双草醚药害症状,检测致害剂量,推荐田间安全间隔期,以稻田常用除草剂双草醚为对象,通过大田试验和室内盆栽试验,系统研究了双草醚的药害症状、对烟草农艺性状和生理性状的影响、残留消解动态以及致害剂量。结果表明,双草醚残留会导致烟株矮小,烟叶变黄卷曲,甚至产生褐色药斑或枯萎坏死;双草醚对烟株农艺性状的影响随施药剂量的增加和暴露时间的延长而增大,对株高和叶面积均有抑制效果,且第60天效果大致相同;双草醚药害导致不同叶片组织激素含量紊乱,其中生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)含量明显降低、脱落酸(ABA)含量发生不同程度的升高;残留消解试验表明,在土壤和叶片中的双草醚含量分别大于0.0120、0.0185 mg/kg时,烟草会有药害产生;且此药施药安全间隔期为85 d。综上,若土壤和叶片中双草醚含量分别大于0.0120、0.0185 mg/kg时,应及时采取应对措施,同时,施药间隔大于85 d才不会对烟草产生负面影响。
Irregular use of herbicides in rice-tobacco rotation system often leads to phytotoxicity in subsequent tobacco crops.In order to identify the phytotoxicity symptoms of bispyribac-sodium,detect the harmful dose of bispyribac-sodium,and recommend the safe interval period of bispyribac-sodium,the symptoms of bispyribac-sodium phytotoxicity,the influences of bispyribac-sodium on tobacco agronomic and physiological characteristics,and the residual digestion dynamics and harmful dose to tobacco of bispyribac-sodium were systematically studied using field experiment and indoor pot experiment.The results showed that the residual bispyribac-sodium could cause tobacco plants to be short,tobacco leaves to become yellow and curly,and even brown drug spots or wilt and necrosis.In addition,the effect of bispyribac-sodium on agronomic characteristics of tobacco plants deepen with the increase of the dosage and the exposure time.The large inhibitory effect on plant height and leaf area was observed,and the effect was about the same on the 60th day.Moreover,residual bispyribac-sodium disorder the hormone contents in different leaf tissues,in which the contents of IAA and GA3 were significantly reduced,while ABA content increased in various.The digestion tests showed that when the content of bispyribac-sodium in soil and tobacco leaves was greater than 0.0120 mg/kg and 0.0185 mg/kg,respectively,there would be phytotoxicity on tobacco,and the safety interval period was 85 days.In summary,if the content of bispyribac-sodium in the soil and tobacco leaves was greater than 0.0120 mg/kg and 0.0185 mg/kg,respectively,measures should be taken in time to avoid negative effects on tobacco,meanwhile,the application interval period should be greater than 85 days.
作者
房宽
徐茜
林卿
林伟
张晓莲
刘亚磊
王秀国
宋江雨
刘建阳
刘通
FANG Kuan;XU Qian;LIN Qing;LIN Wei;ZHANG Xiaolian;LIU Yalei;WANG Xiuguo;SONG Jiangyu;LIU Jianyang;LIU Tong(Tobacco Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266100,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Nanping Branch of Fujian Tobacco Company,Nanping 353000,China)
出处
《河南农业科学》
北大核心
2020年第12期83-90,共8页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
福建省烟草公司南平市公司科技项目(NYK2016-01-03,NYK2017-07-03)。
关键词
双草醚
烟草
药害
残留降解
Bispyribac-sodium
Tobacco
Phytotoxicity
Residual degradation
