摘要
基于对历史文献资料的梳理,针对1615—1619年我国发生的重大旱、蝗、涝等群发灾害,以蝗灾为主线,复原蝗灾事件的时空演化过程,解析其发生的气候背景和社会响应。结果表明:(1)蝗灾事件呈现五年的发生发展衰亡周期,县次波动明显,1616和1617年为峰值年份;(2)蝗灾以中、高等级发生为主,核心区域为黄淮海平原,热点地区为山东、河南、安徽等;空间上呈现“北密南疏”、“北方主导”的分布格局;(3)蝗与旱、涝的空间叠加显示,旱-蝗组合集中分布于黄淮海平原及其毗邻地区,涝-蝗组合则呈零星分布,旱蝗并发的频次高于涝蝗,旱蝗关系更紧密;(4)蝗灾频发与大发伴生饥荒、疫灾,体现了灾异的时空传递与承继,且次生灾害的出现存在滞后效应;(5)在寒冷期,蝗灾与温度呈现正相关,与降水呈现负相关。
Background,aim,and scope In recent years,historical disaster research based on geography has focused on the spatial distribution and construction of time series.There are few studies on cases that combine environmental background and social response.Based on historical documents,this paper analyzes the mass outbreaks of droughts,floods,and locust plagues in China from 1615 AD to 1919 AD to clarify their temporal and spatial evolution and explore the environmental background and social response.Materials and methods Records of natural disasters in historical documents,such as the A compendium of Chinese meteorological records of the last 3,000 years and the History of Locust Plague in China,were selected,and the occurrence of disasters were determined by mathematical statistics and spatial analysis methods.Results The locust plague event lasted for 5 years and peaked in 1616 and 1617 AD.In general,the intensity of the locust plague was mainly moderate and high.The Huang-Huai-Hai Plain was the main region affected,and Shandong,Henan and Anhui Provinces were the most affected provinces in the country.The spatial distribution shows the pattern of“intensive in the north,sparse in the south”and“dominant in the north”.The drought-locust overlay chain was frequently concentrated on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,while the flood-locust overlay chain rarely occurred.The occurrence of secondary disasters such as famine and epidemics reflected the spatiotemporal transmission of disasters with a lag effect.During the cold period,the outbreaks of the locust plague significantly positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with precipitation.Discussion Based on the historical documents,this paper analyzes natural disaster events in China in the early 17th century.The climate background and social impact of droughts,floods,and locust plagues confirmed the disasterchain mode.Compared with research on a single disaster,the disaster-chain mode highlights the continuity of disasters and the continuity of climat
作者
汪宇欣
李钢
高兴
王婕妤
WANG Yuxin;LI Gang;GAO Xing;WANG Jieyu(College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710061,China)
出处
《地球环境学报》
CSCD
2020年第3期245-254,共10页
Journal of Earth Environment
基金
黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLLQG1911)
国家自然科学基金(41201190)
西北大学仲英青年学者支持计划(2016)。
关键词
蝗灾
空间分布
演化过程
环境背景
社会响应
locust plague
spatial pattern
evolution process
environmental background
social response
