摘要
非洲猪瘟(ASF)是目前全球养猪业面临的最具威胁性的重大疾病之一,引起ASF的病原是非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV),本病具有传染性强、发病率高、致死率高的特点,造成的损失非常巨大。针对本病没有有效的药物和疫苗进行预防,一旦感染和发病,只能对疫点和周围一定范围内的猪进行扑杀,以控制和消灭疫情。疫苗免疫接种是防控传染性疾病的最重要和最有效的手段,但ASF疫苗的研发并不顺利,至今尚没有商品化的疫苗供临床生产上使用。由于对ASFV复杂免疫逃避机制认识的缺乏、病毒和宿主细胞相互作用了解的不足、病毒复制周期复杂、ASFV毒株在自然界的高变异性、病毒保护性抗原的鉴定困难等多方面因素的影响,使得ASF疫苗研发迟缓,影响了对ASF的防控。本文主要从ASFV病原学、病毒免疫逃逸、病毒对感染细胞的影响、病毒复制和保护性抗原鉴定等方面分析了ASF疫苗研究中的问题和难点,以期为ASF疫苗研究和疾病防控提供参考资料。
African swine fever(ASF)is one of the most threatening diseases that endangers the global swine industry,which is caused by infection of African swine fever virus(ASFV).This disease is characterized by strong contagion,high morbidity and high lethal rate,resulting in severe economic losses.Due to the absence of the effective vaccines and drugs for the treatment and prevention,culling is the only way to control and eradicate this disease within a certain range of the epidemic point and surrounding areas.Vaccines are the most critical weapon to defeat infectious diseases,but the development of ASF vaccine is not smooth.The tardy process impedes the prevention and control of ASF,due to the lacking of knowledge on the complex immune viral evasion mechanism,understanding of the interaction between viruses and host cells,the complexity of the viral replication cycle,the high degree of variability of ASFV strains in nature,and the difficulty in identifying viral protective antigens and many other factors.In this review,we summarized the problems and difficulties in the development of ASF vaccines from the etiology,the immune evasion of virus,the influence of virus on the infected cells,the replication of virus and the identification of the protective antigens.It will provide a comprehensive understanding of the current problems and difficulties in the development of vaccines,which may shed light on the prevention and control of ASF.
作者
冯全文
范志新
田昊伦
孙颖
王凯
范昱鑫
罗弼豪
郭抗抗
FENG Quan-wen;FAN Zhi-xin;TIAN Hao-lun;SUN Ying;WANG Kai;FAN Yu-xin;LUO Bi-hao;GUO Kang-kang(College of Veterinary Medicine Northzvest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)
出处
《中国兽医学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第11期2262-2269,共8页
Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science
基金
陕西杨凌示范区科技计划资助项目(2018NY-22)
陕西省重点农业科技示范推广资助项目(ZDKJ-2014-33)。
