摘要
目的探讨3~12岁儿童屈光发育特点,分析屈光状态与屈光参数的相关性。方法选取2017年6月-2018年6月于重庆某医院眼科门诊就诊的3~12岁儿童600例(1200只眼)作为研究对象,通过睫状肌麻痹检影验光及光学生物测量仪获得其屈光度、眼轴长度(AL)、水平角膜屈光力(K1)、垂直角膜屈光力(K2)、前房深度值(ACD),并计算眼轴长度/角膜曲率半径比值(AL/CR),分析年龄、屈光度与各屈光参数的相关关系。结果3~6岁组远视发生率最高(73.13%),7~9岁组次之(48.89%),10~12岁组最低(15.00%),不同年龄组远视发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=278.329,P<0.05)。10~12岁组近视发生率最高(69.72%),7~9岁组次之(34.44%),3~6岁组最低(6.67%),不同年龄组近视发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=364.991,P<0.05)。研究对象等效球径(SE),K2数值随着年龄增长而变小,而K1、AL、ACD和AL/CR数值则随着年龄增长而增大,近视的界值是AL/CR为3。不同年龄组SE、K1、AL、ACD和AL/CR的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同屈光度组的SE、K1、K2、AL、ACD和AL/CR差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示:K1,K2及ACD与SE呈中度负相关(r=-0.525、-0.458、-0.604;P<0.05),而AL、AL/CR与SE呈高度负相关(r=-0.802、-0.847;P<0.05)。结论3~12岁儿童的屈光状态会随着年龄的增加而发生变化,总的发展趋势为远视-正视-近视。眼轴长度、角膜屈光力是影响屈光状态的主要因素。AL/CR>3可作为正视向近视发展的高危指标,而7~9岁可认为是学龄儿童由正视向近视化发展的活跃期。
Objective To investigate the developmental characteristics of refractive parameters and to evaluate its associations with refraction in children aged 3-12 years.Methods Six hundred children(1200 eyes)aged 3-12 years were studied in an ophthalmic clinic in a chongqing hospital from June 2017 to June 2018,Biometric measurements including axis length(AL),horizontal corneal diopter(K1),vertical corneal diopter(K2)and anterior chamber depth(ACD),and axis length/corneal curvature radius ratio(AL/CR)was calculated.The correlation between age,diopter and refractive parameters was analyzed.Results The incidence of hyperopia was the highest in the 3-6 year old group(73.13%),the next in the 7-9 year old group(48.89%)and the lowest in the 10-12 year old group(15.00%),there was a significant difference among different age groups(χ2=278.329,P<0.05).The incidence of myopia was the highest in the 10-12 year old group(69.72%),the next in the 7-9 year old group(34.44%),and the lowest in the 3-6 year old group(6.67%),there was a significant difference among different age groups(χ2=364.991,P<0.05).Spherical equivalent(SE)and K2 gradually decreased with age.K1,AL,ACD and AL/CR increased with age.The boundary value of myopia is AL/CR=3.The differences of SE,K1,AL,ACD and AL/CR among different age groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).The differences of SE,K1,K2,AL,ACD and AL/CR in different diopter groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).K1,K2 and ACD showed moderately negative correlation with SE(r=-0.525,-0.458,-0.604;P<0.05).AL,AL/CR is highly negatively correlated with SE(r=-0.802,-0.847;P<0.05).Conclusion The refractive status of children aged 3-12 years will change with age,and the general development trend is hyperopia-emmetropia-myopia.AL and K are the main factors affecting refractive state.AL/CR>3 can be used as a high risk indicator to measure whether emmetropization into myopia,7-9 years old can be regarded as the main phase from emmetropization to myopization of school-age children.
作者
王阳
赵汝莲
皮练鸿
Wang Yang;Zhao Rulian;Pi Lianhong(Department of Ophthaimology,Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400010,China)
出处
《保健医学研究与实践》
2020年第5期22-26,共5页
Health Medicine Research and Practice
关键词
儿童
屈光状态
眼轴
角膜屈光力
眼轴长度/角膜曲率半径比值
等效球径
Child
Refractive state
Axis length
Corneal refractive power
Axis length/corneal curvature radius ratio
Spherical equivalent
